Apple cider vinegar for dog pyoderma. Soak a cotton ball with the undiluted ACV and apply it topically to the affected area. Apple cider vinegar for dog pyoderma

 
 Soak a cotton ball with the undiluted ACV and apply it topically to the affected areaApple cider vinegar for dog pyoderma 5% can be irritating to the skin

So, adding apple cider vinegar to a soaking bath is not recommended. 1. $20. “It tends to tighten and dehydrate, thus exacerbating such conditions. If your dog is very red and irritated after the bath, only use the coconut oil. In chronic or recurrent cases, it is important to perform a skin culture and antibiotic sensitivity test to ensure that the proper antibiotic is used. Bacterial infections of the skin (i. This is because the vinegar helps to neutralize the pH of the urine, which can otherwise be too alkaline and damage the grass. ACV is acidic, referring to the acid contained in the vinegar. Got it. com: apple cider vinegar shampoo for dogs. For a lower-volume homemade dog shampoo to fight fleas or for a smaller dog or puppy, try: 1/2 cup of water. Vet's Best Hot Spot Itch Relief Spray for Dogs. Always. First, I fill my crockpot with bones. Another benefit of taking apple cider vinegar for erections is that it shows promise as a blood pressure regulator. A completely natural way to treat your dog is through the use of apple cider vinegar. Method. For a serious ringworm infection, it may be necessary to use apple cider vinegar. It’s high alkaline content makes your dog’s intestines uninhabitable for any worms present. Even apple cider vinegar diluted to 0. Apple cider vinegar may cause side effects in some people. Our dogs LOVE the air dried food from Front of the Pack. For poor appetite, use it in the food at 1 tablespoon, two times a day for a 50. Blood sugar spikes can cause food cravings and lead to overeating, especially in free-fed dogs. Depending on the cause of your dog’s itching, here are some natural remedies to help your pooch. For many. 1. 2 out of 5 stars 468 $21. Its antiseptic and antibacterial properties may help resolve skin infections naturally. Ear cleansers, wipes or shampoos have also been demonstrated to help treat ear and skin infections. So your apples are cut, washed, and in a sterilized jar. Digestion: Apple cider vinegar can help to improve digestion and reduce stomach issues like bloating, gas, and diarrhea. Whisk until well combined and the sugar has dissolved. Repeat the process whenever your furry friend comes. There is very little direct evidence to. How to use it: Spray the mix in places you don't want your dog to go to consistently for about week until the dog understands that it's not allowed in that particular spot. Apple cider vinegar can thus give your dog the best of both options, boosting a low pH or lowering a high one as needed in his body. It’s no secret that diabetes is common in the United States. Apple cider vinegar, or cider vinegar, is a vinegar made from fermented apple juice, [1] and used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. Pyoderma In Dogs – Home Treatment. Storage Bin Cat House. Apple cider vinegar with warm water ear drops. While both groups lost weight, the apple cider vinegar group lost more. FREE delivery Tue, Feb 7 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. While I wouldn’t call ACV expensive, it isn’t necessarily as cheap as more basic vinegars, like white or red wine vinegar. Does your dog have a skin infection, or in veterinary terms, pyoderma? Some of these home remedies are extremely effective. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has antifungal effects. 💯 Premium IngredientsFormulated with. Apple cider vinegar seems to be a good supplement for dogs. ) One reader bathed her dog by filling a tub with about an inch of water, pouring a little straight vinegar over the dog and then sponging the dog, diluting the mixture. Often once or twice a day is enough. Focus more on the areas with tartar, brushing gently. Oz, vinegar has strong antiseptic and antimicrobial properties that make it perfect for the treatment of hot spots on dogs. When diluted and added to a spray bottle, apple cider vinegar is a. It also contains polyphenols and acetic acid, which are responsible for its antimicrobial properties. 5% can be irritating to the skin. Almost all of your dog’s immune system is in their gut. Apple cider vinegar is made by fermenting the sugar in apples. Soak a cotton ball with the undiluted ACV and apply it topically to the affected area. During the process of producing apple cider vinegar, the sugar from apples is fermented by yeast or bacteria added to the cider, in turn making alcohol, then acetic acid, and, finally, the vinegar. Similarly, a dog weight 15 kg should be given 2 teaspoons. For GI issues, like excessive gas or burping in dogs, using the liquid version of apple cider vinegar is the most beneficial. 4. Create a 50/50 mix of your chosen vinegar and water and put into a spray bottle. coli, and S. Another reason to drink organic apple cider vinegar with the mother is that it is a rich source of iron. A 2020 US study found that, yes, apple cider vinegar could help regulate blood glucose concentrations and be of help to those with type two diabetes. To make this fly repellant spray, simply add equal parts vinegar and water to a spray bottle. By helping to regulate digestion and establish a healthy intestinal flora, it relieves digestive upset in your dog. 8/5 - 7 reviews Dog vets and owners rate the effectiveness of Apple Cider Vinegar for Dog Bacterial Skin Infection (Superficial Pyoderma). Apple cider vinegar is available in. Antibiotics in these cases may be needed for 8 to 12 weeks. It creates a more alkaline digestive system that’s less attractive to parasites. See our. Use a measuring spoon to pour 1 tsp (4. 6. is a natural laxative and it can improve digestion; lowers blood sugar levels; improves insulin sensitivity; increases satiety and helps people to lose weight; reduces belly fat; lowers cholesterol; lowers blood pressure and improves heart health;The taste of apple cider vinegar will deter your dog from chewing its paws and prevent secondary infections. It controls and eliminates intestinal parasites. Apple cider vinegar sprays. Diluted apple cider vinegar can be used as a rinse to soothe itchy skin. A popular home remedy for ear infections in dogs, apple cider vinegar cleans and neutralizes bacteria when used topically. Apple cider vinegar seems to be a good supplement for dogs. The typical treatment for pyoderma is antibiotic therapy for a minimum of three to four weeks. Other dog parents can attest to the efficacy of coconut oil and vaseline. (Some dogs are very sensitive to the vinegar, so dilute as necessary, to as much as 10 parts water to 1 part vinegar. The internet got this right: Apple cider vinegar is good to ease the sting or itch of bug bites. of body weight to your dog’s food, depending upon your dog. Clean out your dog's ears using ACV. As a result, apple cider vinegar boosts the immune system. For example, if you are making a large batch of the rinse, try mixing 8 ounces (230 g) of apple cider vinegar for every 8 ounces (230 g) of water. As with many prior studies, this one was quite small and short-term. This is known as pyoderma. Now, a good estimate is usually equal teaspoons of sugar to the amounts of apples. especially staph infections. When apples are fermented, they make apple cider vinegar rich in prebiotics. The sebaceous glands of the skin make too much sebum causing scaly, flaky, itchy, and red skin. Medicated wipes. So, to be clear, do not use apple cider vinegar for folliculitis in dogs or pyoderma. Cailin Heinze, VMD, MS, DACVN and assistant professor of nutrition at Tufts University’s Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. In chronic or recurrent cases, it is important to perform a skin culture and antibiotic sensitivity test to ensure that the proper antibiotic is used. Prebiotics help feed the probiotics in your dog’s gut, which improves their health. How to use. Naturally, humans have been investigating how apple cider vinegar can benefit their canine companions as well. Some owners swear by a diluted apple cider vinegar spray to relieve. For every 40 pound dog add 1 teaspoon of white distilled vinegar or apple cider vinegar to 1 quart of their drinking water. Directions. If their skin is irritated, don't rub the skin with the towel. Then add 1-2 Tbsp (15-30ml) apple cider vinegar, which is added primarily as the acidity breaks down the collagen and makes it more abundant in the broth. You ca use it on Yorkshire terriers and other small dogs, or on giant dogs like Great Danes. The typical treatment for pyoderma is antibiotic therapy for a minimum of three to four weeks. Four applications per day should stop the staph fairly quickly. A spray bottle or a sponge works well, but be careful to avoid getting the solution on any wounds or raw skin because it will sting your pup. If your dog has itchy skin, the beginnings of a hot spot, incessantly washes its feet, has smelly ears, or is picky about his food, an application of apple cider vinegar can help. #6: Apple cider vinegarApple cider vinegar pills are more expensive. For dogs with weights ranging between 15 to 35 kg, 1 tablespoon of ACV is enough. Leave the secured cotton ball on the mole for up to 8 consecutive hours each day. Follow up with a rinse of diluted apple cider vinegar (1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar per cup of warm water). Mix up 1 cup of ACV, 1 quart warm water, and 1 ounce of Castille soap. Flea-free and flawless. An apple cider vinegar rinse can help restore the glow of the skin and restricts the dilation of the skin’s pores. Be sure to have a second bowl of water without apple cider vinegar in case your dog doesn’t like the taste. It is sometimes blended with other herbal remedies. Pyoderma is hard to treat and may recur many times. Tooth erosion: The acidic nature of apple cider vinegar can erode a dog’s tooth enamel over time if used regularly. Some research suggests that it may also have several health benefits, including blood sugar control. It has several vitamins and enzymes that help in digestion and boost the immune system. We want to prevent bad bacteria from ruining your batch of homemade apple scrap vinegar. It's used as an ingredient in foods such as salad dressings, pickles, and marinades. Research has found that drinking 1 ounce of apple cider vinegar daily may reduce triglycerides and total cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol. of water and gently pour over the affected area. Apple cider vinegar is acidic and can upset dogs' stomachs. Be sure to only apply the diluted apple cider vinegar to your dog’s paws and rinse off with warm water after a few minutes. It will help to prevent infection and ward off parasites that are susceptible to the acid in ACV. How can I treat my dogs pyoderma at home? May 7, 2023 August 29, 2022 by Hubert Drew. ”A lot of the research on vinegar’s relationship with weight loss is in animals, mainly mice and rats. Spray the infected lesions with the solution 2-3 times a day. 1. Mostly her belly and a little around her privates. Helps get rid of itchy paws caused by yeast infections and allergies. But it's also been used traditionally as medicine. Cleaning the stained area with warm water or saline solution can help remove them. Step. How can […] Blood Sugar Control. 2. Apple Cider Vinegar May Lower Blood Pressure. Apply to the skin using a cotton pad. The recommended dosage for using ACV on a dog’s skin is 1 part ACV and 2-4 parts water. complex Superficial vs. 50 milligrams of broad-spectrum CBD per serving. Dilute some apple cider vinegar with water in a bowl. " But Dr. Because of its acidity, using too much apple cider vinegar may lead to side effects like chemical burns and tooth erosion. #2: Apple cider vinegar. When we buy apple cider vinegar, we choose the high quality stuff: raw, organic, unfiltered, “with the mother”… such as Braggs, our go-to brand. Cat Tree House Indoor. 5. Apple cider vinegar is safe for dogs, but there are caveats. Rinse out your dog's coat thoroughly, then dry him off completely, preferably with a hair dryer. Because of its acidity, using too much apple cider vinegar may lead to side effects like chemical burns and tooth erosion. >> Read more: Wagmo Pet Insurance Review. Dogs experience itchy red armpits from allergies, leading to dermatitis and pyoderma. Due to its potent anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, this spray can alleviate many skin conditions in dogs. Apple cider vinegar is a natural antibacterial and antiviral. The typical treatment for pyoderma is antibiotic therapy for a minimum of three to four weeks. 1/4 cup of non toxic dish soap (Dawn is a good choice) Optional: A few drops of essential oil. Apple cider vinegar has proven to be extremely beneficial to the skin and fur! Apple cider vinegar also acts as a deodorizer when applied topically to the coat. McCullough says you should avoid using apple cider vinegar because it may cause your dog pain when it’s applied to their inflamed skin. 3. ACV may have a modest effect on weight loss, but don’t get rid of your gym membership. According to Courtney Jackson, DVM, a veterinarian and owner of the Pets Digest blog, apple cider vinegar is safe for dogs to use on their skin and take internally if. Let the vinegar stay on for about a minute as it helps to restore scalp ph. Rosdiana Ciaravolo. Medically reviewed by Sara Ochoa, DVM Key Takeaway: Pyoderma is a bacterial skin infection where pus is involved. Will apple cider vinegar hurt dogs? A teaspoon or two of apple cider vinegar, diluted, for a normal-sized canine (less for a cat) is unlikely to have a negative effect on a healthy pet, said Dr. After shampooing the hair, pour. Apple cider vinegar. Hello, welcome back to my. This is the dosage for a 50-60 pound dog – for a smaller dog (10-25 pounds), a half teaspoon is. The drinking water of the dog should, for temporarily add 1/4 teaspoon of NATURAL sea salt per liter of. If you have sensitive skin, you may want to make a more diluted solution. Repeat twice daily. The apple cider vinegar should be diluted 50/50 with water. Some pets may need this solution every few hours, especially at first. We salute you, ACV. Apple Cider Vinegar Spray Purchase an inexpensive spray bottle. One easy way to get some apple cider vinegar into your dog's diet is by feeding a dog food that contains it. Even bacterial infections can be extremely difficult to treat, and DIY internet remedies such as apple cider vinegar solutions are not a good solution. The total polyphenolic content in the apple vinegar sample was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using a method described by Singleton et al. Give the anti-itch mixture a quick stir before pouring it into a spray bottle, ready to. We’re talking all about skin disease and my. You’re invited to my brand new webinar on omega-3 supplements for dogs and cats specifically. Step 1: Add Bones, Water And Vinegar. Raw apple cider vinegar contains: Acetic acid, which can kill harmful bacteria. Spray dog with 50/50 mixture of apple cider vinegar and water. Treating your dog's skin this way will help prevent dry skin and itchiness. You can use apple cider vinegar baths and interim treatments too. Bat Hair Accessories. Apple cider vinegar like Braggs – make a 50% water 50%. Use this as a rinse to alleviate symptoms of itching. 5. How can […] The typical treatment for pyoderma is antibiotic therapy for a minimum of three to four weeks. Is this a treatment you can do yourself, or do you need to see a vet? Add your review. The long-standing internet trend of applying baking soda, apple cider vinegar (ACV), or coconut oil for any dog health issue shows no signs of fading. Apple cider vinegar is safe to drink in small amounts, though drinking apple cider vinegar is not likely to cure a UTI or other urinary tract problems. Apple Cider Vinegar Dog Itch Relief. While witch hazel is safe to use topically on dogs and is not known to interact with other medications, there are some risks pet parents should be aware of, vets advise. Apple cider vinegar contains no artificial ingredients or harsh chemicals since it's made from apples and water. IBD Immune System, Weak Incontinence, Urinary Infections, Boric Acid Solution Infections, Ear Infections, Ear and Eye Infections, Fungal Inflammatory Bowel Disease Injuries Injuries, Older Dogs Intervertebral Disc Disease Irritablity Itchy Skin Itchy Skin, Apple Cider Vinegar Remedy ITP. White vinegar will work okay, but I use apple cider vinegar since it. Similarly, a dog weight 15 kg should be given 2 teaspoons. A dog named Nova was found by hikers in the mountains near a trail in Colorado's Meyer Ranch Park. Neem oil: Neem oil is thought to have many medicinal uses, including as an antifungal and to soothe irritated skin. Apple cider vinegar helps to reduce blood sugar levels, improving calorie distribution and metabolism. 9 mL) of raw honey and add it to the bowl. Revive. Simple vs. Probiotics: For a Happy Gut. McCullough says there aren’t many ways to prevent folliculitis. If your dog has deep pyoderma, the vet may request a biopsy. After that, don’t forget to rinse the paws with lots of water. Apply to the skin using a cotton pad. “Studies show that taking apple cider vinegar for 8 to 12 weeks can reduce blood sugar levels. A solution or syringe bottle will have a long tip to get the solution into the ear. Place the bones in the slow cooker —. Add the shredded cabbage, sliced bell peppers, sliced red onions, and chopped parsley to a large mixing bowl. In addition to breaking down proteins and fats, it aids in the breakdown of fats. Apple Cider Vinegar for Itchy Feet or Ears. Dog pyoderma (bacterial skin infection), is very common in dogs with Allergies. Please. Apple Cider Vinegar . Apple cider vinegar has been used for its natural cleaning properties. Its natural acidity is thought to help balance the pH of a dog’s skin, which can alleviate conditions like itchiness, dandruff, and dryness. Make a thick paste of baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, and lemon juice or vinegar. Skin burns. Step 4: Rub the dog down and move the total vinegar liquid through its fur into its skin, which massages the. But, studies show. Mix one part apple cider vinegar with one part water, and then spray it onto your dog's fur. Apple cider vinegar capsules can be taken instead, according to package directions. Adding a small amount of apple cider vinegar will help to stabilize blood sugar and leave your dog feeling fuller longer. Still, you must contact. 99. ” Black scabs, lesions, lumps, pimples, and hot patches are dogs’ most typical signs of pyoderma. For best results, just fill a large basin with one cup of ACV for every two cups of warm water and let those puppies bathe for 10 to 20 minutes. Treating your dog's skin this way will help prevent dry skin and itchiness. Clean out your dog's ears using ACV. Apple cider vinegar is a powerhouse ingredient that’s been gaining traction in the world of hair care for its ability to refresh any mane, promote hair growth quickly. To start treating your dog with apple cider vinegar, begin by giving him one teaspoon daily mixed with his food. Cain explains that this refers to infection only found on the outermost layer of the skin, called the epidermis. You can also give apple cider vinegar to any animal by simply adding it to the water. Vinegar can also be used to clean a stinky dog bed. We've been to the vet for this a couple of times and he gives us antibiotics. Burns and irritation: Applying undiluted apple cider vinegar to a dog’s skin can cause skin damage burns and irritation. 1. . Apple Cider Vinegar for Canine Hot Spots. Rinse the baking soda out and follow with 2 ounces of vinegar in the same amount of water. Then, blot the area with a clean cloth or towel to remove the vinegar and urine. In chronic or recurrent cases, it is important to perform a skin culture and antibiotic sensitivity test to ensure that the proper antibiotic is used. Bacterial infections can also cause a rash on your dog’s groin. Apple Cider Vinegar: A Versatile Remedy. Rosdiana Ciaravolo. It can also help boost your dog’s immune system, as it contains essential vitamins and. The patients drank 200 ml water mixed with 30 ml apple cider vinegar (total volume 230 ml) every morning for two weeks before their breakfast. Adding a small amount of apple cider vinegar will help to stabilize blood sugar and leave your dog feeling fuller longer. Got it. Oatmeal and aloe vera-based shampoos are helpful as they have skin-soothing properties and reduce itching. Apple cider vinegar is common in food flavorings and preservatives. ACV is alkaline forming, referring to the affect that digesting the food has on the pH balance of the body. For something tastier, try ginger tea with 1 to 2 teaspoons of ACV, honey. Dr. 3. 200,000+ Customers Who Love Us. Amazon. It improves stamina, increases resistance to diseases, prevents common infections, and is therefore helpful for dogs with weakened immune systems. one part of apple. If you want to go this route as well, apple cider vinegar is the most common alternative to antibiotics because of its well-document antibacterial property. 6. Probiotics support a healthy digestive system, which is crucial for overall well-being. Apple Cider Vinegar Dosages For Dogs With Fleas. Many ACVs are branded with the 'Mother' on the bottle, which attributes to many of its beneficial properties. Dog ear infection treatment with apple cider vinegar can be very effective. After removing most of the wax and yeast with the benzoyl peroxide shampoo, use vinegar to kill most of what is left. Raw apple cider vinegar contains: Acetic acid, which can kill harmful bacteria. Apply to clean skin and coat, massage, rinse, and pat dry. 50 ($21. After a physical exam and discussion of the symptoms, your vet can make a positive diagnosis. #3: Bathing and wipingPut it in a spray bottle and apply it to the coat after bathing but be sure to avoid the eyes. Apple cider vinegar sprays. You must avoid applying apple cider vinegar to severe cuts or burns and other injuries because this can be incredibly painful for the dog. Apple cider vinegar. Did you know that apple cider vinegar can help with mites? The acidity of apple cider vinegar can help rebalance the pH of your pet’s skin which is key when it comes to incessant itching. 2. For dogs with weights ranging between 15 to 35 kg, 1 tablespoon of ACV is enough. Mix 1 part water and 1 part vinegar. Vinegar is commonly used as a home remedy for many skin problems. What works well - the classics: - Shot of Ivermectine on day 1. Drink before or after a meal. Apply the vinegar and. It turns out that apple cider vinegar can indeed be used to help keep dog urine from killing grass. Apple cider vinegar…. Method. Timestamps. Benefits Gut Health. For visible results, keep apple cider vinegar on dog fur for at least 15 minutes. Apple Cider Vinegar and Baking Soda Recipe. Disease – such as ringworm, mange, or a bacterial infection like pyoderma, an endocrine disorder like cushing’s disease or an immune system problem;. It is an antimicrobial, so it works well to combat many types of infections. Conclusion. For tough stains, let it sit. I’ve encountered everything from apple cider vinegar to Vaseline. Aloe vera is a natural anti-inflammatory, which makes it a helpful home remedy to reduce the discomfort associated with mild dog dandruff and itching. Make a thick paste of baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, and lemon juice or vinegar. -Dogs with seasonal allergies can develop itchy feet in response to pollen exposure. Brush your dog’s hair to get rid of dead fleas. Contents show. Continue steps 1 though 4 until mole scabs up and falls off. My dog finds this extremely unpleasant since he isn't a fan. Malt Vinegar. You want to repeat this several times per day for best results. For white vinegar, mix one part vinegar with two parts water. In some cases, the vinegar may burn the skin. The mechanism of action is poorly understood, but ACV seems to work in. Other treatments like apple cider vinegar have not been shown to help much except against yeast, and CBD oil is not proven to help. - Amitraz baths must be given every 2 weeks, then every month until 100% recovery. But since he is SO sensitive about that, then just put it into his food. -Dogs with seasonal allergies can develop itchy feet in response to pollen exposure. Pour a little bit of apple cider vinegar into a clean cup. In such cases, your dog will require medical treatment such as oral antibiotics and topical creams. Soak dog's paw for 30 seconds in solution. 5. Let that sit for 1-2 minutes. Apple cider vinegar is used for obesity, diabetes. 6 / 30. Your dog doesn't want apple cider vinegar because it tastes bad and isn't something dogs would seek out, the same way they wouldn't go looking to drink turpentine. Spread the love. Apr 30, 2019 - 2 cups water, 2 T apple cider vinegar, 2 T hydrogen peroxide. Apple cider vinegar for folliculitis in dogs has been long recommended as a home remedy as it has natural antibacterial properties and reduces inflammation. Summary. Consuming apple cider vinegar can lead to negative side effects, including indigestion, throat irritation and low potassium. Why Apple Cider Vinegar for Dog Pyoderma Works; What kind of vegetables do squirrels eat? ACV spot treatment; The Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on Diverticulitis: It’s All In the Gut; Apple Cider Vinegar Drink Recipe: What is the mother in apple cider vinegar? Your daily dose: in a wellness shot “Can self-care help me deal with disrupted. ACV is about 5% to 6% acetic acid. Wet your dog down and lather. To make an apple cider vinegar solution for your hair, use 1 part water. Position her right in a way that you can access her teeth well. Skin burns. Then, simply spray around areas you would like your dog to stay away from. Using apple cider vinegar as an antibacterial to cure pyoderma is a great choice and results will be shown immediately in 3 or 4 days. June 20, 2023 table of Contents What is apple cider vinegar? Benefits of ACV for dogs How to give ACV to your dog Apple cider vinegar is a natural remedy — Many dog parents use ACV as a supplement, a skin. Internally, ACV will help your dog have better digestion and mitigate constipation and bloating. Make an apple cider vinegar (ACV) solution. Benefits of Making Your Own Apple Cider Vinegar It’s Cost Effective. These might be mild but. 2 parts apple cider vinegar. It contains acetic acid and nutrients such as B vitamins and vitamin C. IBD Immune System, Weak Incontinence, Urinary Infections, Boric Acid Solution Infections, Ear Infections, Ear and Eye Infections, Fungal Inflammatory Bowel Disease Injuries Injuries, Older Dogs Intervertebral Disc Disease Irritablity Itchy Skin Itchy Skin, Apple Cider Vinegar Remedy ITP. Make a solution of apple cider vinegar with equal amounts of water. 1000 milligrams of apple cider vinegar per serving. A good match for all things fried and crisp, malt vinegar is a great substitute for apple cider vinegar, though it will add a yeasted note in terms of overall flavor. Once the water and vinegar are mixed, soak a washcloth or soft cloth in the mixture, absorbing what you can into the cloth. Benefit: Apple cider vinegar is reputed for its beneficial effects on skin and coat health in dogs. This is commonly caused by fleas.