Results: Seventy-nine percent reported having regularly experienced cyclical breast symptoms; 48% have asked a health care provider about their mastalgia. Vit E can be considered a safe alternative to hormonal therapies currently being used in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia, given its lack of significant side effects. In women with non-cyclical mastalgia, the overall pain severity was related to the size of the painful area, and the steadiness of the pain, and the affective components were more prominent than in women with cyclical mastalgia. Breast pain (also known as breast tenderness, mastodynia, mammalgia, and mastalgia from the Greek μαστός mastos, "breast" and ἄλγος algos, "pain") is a medical symptom. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM N64. Cyclical mastalgia is a common problem sometimes severe enough to interfere with normal activity levels, and it is related to excessive use of mammography among young women. 2 days of moderate-severe mastalgia monthly. In the non-cyclical mastalgia group, no patient had peak prolactin release greater than 4000 mU/l and none responded to therapy. @article{Pruthi2010VitaminEA, title={Vitamin E and evening primrose oil for management of cyclical mastalgia: a randomized pilot study. No imaging correlates were discovered to explain the etiology of cyclical pain, supporting the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria rating values. Cyclic mastalgia: Visual analog scale: 94: B6 and evening primrose have the same therapeutic effects in the treatment of cyclical mastalgia: Alvandipour et al. When the lumps become significant enough to be called cysts, the condition is called fibrocystic. In a study including 1,150 patients that investigated the causes of mastalgia, the rates of cyclic and noncyclic mastalgia were found to be 61. Cyclic Mastalgia (Nyeri Payudara Siklik) Nyeri payudara yang berkaitan dengan siklus menstruasi atau perubahan hormon wanita. [Google Scholar]Mastalgia is the second most common breast symptom leading to medical evaluation in the primary care setting. -) Pain in the region of the metatarsus. The results of previous studies suggest that the cause of mastalgia is related to increased estrogen secretion, deficient progesterone and. Cyclical breast pain (cyclical mastalgia) is a common symptom. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM R59. Cyclic mastalgia is breast pain that's related to the hormonal variations associated with the menstrual cycle, which affect how your breasts feel over the course of a month. Cyclical or physiological breast pain is breast pain that is intermittent, recurrent, and related in time to the menstrual cycle. Mastodynia Billable Code. This study indicates that dynamic tests of prolactin release in cyclical mastalgia may be useful in predicting the subsequent satisfactory response to endocrine therapy if a high peak prolactin release is induced. 5%) did not have PMS. In our study, breast cancer rate in patients with mastalgia (n = 646) was 0. If she has no pain on next day, she fills a. Kanker payudara ditandai dengan gejala, seperti benjolan atau penebalan pada payudara, keluarnya. 0 (of 45) for the entire. 9 may differ. Introduction. The pain in the breast may be due to pathologies related to the breast itself as well as surrounding. }, author={Deborah N. 2. About one third of women with mastalgia have this. Symptom relief was achieved in 17 (81%) of the patients. 1 Approximately 60–70% of women suffer from moderate to severe breast pain in their lifetime among which 10–20% of the cases suffer from severe breast pain 2 who may need. Beles, C. Introduction. In our study. Terasa lebih intens selama dua minggu menjelang awal periode menstruasi. We have assessed the long-term course in patients with severe mastalgia by distributing a postal questionnaire to 212 patients previously studied in 1983 who had attended the mastalgia clinic at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff. 4 became effective on October 1, 2023. In single-blinded clinical study on 61 women suffering from cyclical mastalgia (18–40 years old), who were randomly divided in two groups of 3 g daily oral evening primrose oil (n = 31) or 600 mg daily oral vitamin E (n = 30) and were evaluated according to CBS and the severity of pain. It is often located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. R59. Breast pain during lactation or after weaning is. Localized breast pain is usually caused by a focal disorder that causes a mass , such as a breast cyst, or an infection (eg, mastitis , abscess). 79%) patients of galactocele out of 10, were also operated. Pain in the breast generally classified as cyclical (associated with menstrual. Cyclical mastalgia is a common complaint, with a potentially important relationship to breast cancer risk. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of N64. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes). Pain aggravating upon any sort of sexual activity. The pain which is specific to the breast is called true mastalgia and is divided into; Cyclical and Non-Cyclical Breast Pain. In majority of women, mastalgia is a manifestation of “aberration in normal development and involution” (ANDI). At the end of the study, cyclical mastalgia decreased significantly and a smaller degree of improvement (20%) persisted even 3 months after cessation of the treatment. 6% of the MPS group where the daily rate was 52. Fibrocystic breasts have a lumpy, rope-like texture. See also: mastalgiaReferences in the ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries applicable to the clinical term "mastalgia". Breast pain may be bilateral, unilateral or in part of one breast. Other causes of mastalgia. N64. 27% of multipl e fibroadenoma, 12. Cyclical breast pain is one of two types of breast pain, commonly referred to as mastalgia. It affects up to two-thirds of women, with one in ten women having moderate-to-severe pain. 0000000000001521 Open SDC Metrics Hyperplasia of the mammary glands (HMG) is a non-inflammatory and non-tumorous lesion. Its use as a dietary supplement deserves further investigation in conditions where modifying estrogen metabolism may be of benefit. The efficacy of centchroman was found to be significant (p-value = 0. In the musculoskeletal group 33 of 34 patients (97 per cent) had a good. For patients who present with breast pain, the first-line options are reassurance, lifestyle changes including the avoidance of caffeine-containing food and beverages, use of a supportive bra, and modification of hormone replacement therapy. In clinical practice this phenomenon became known as cyclic mastalgia. The Comparative Study of Therapeutic effect of Vitamin B6 or E on Cyclic Mastalgia Protocol summary Summary Cyclic mastalgia is a common condition in women seen in primary care practices. Noncyclical mastalgia: • is usually unilateral, localised to one part of the breast; commonly the inner part of the breast or behind the nipple • is described as having a burning, stabbing, or throbbing quality • is more likely than cyclical mastalgia to beMastalgia is a medical term used for breast pain, one of the most common complaints among women of 15 to 40 years of age (child-bearing age). 2 Department of Radiology, Division of Breast Imaging, Penn State Health, Milton S. 0 became effective on October 1, 2023. However, diffuse bilateral pain is very common in women. 7 (range 0 to 4) in group Ia versus 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists such as danazol for members with mastalgia;. Mastalgia is a common estrogenic adverse effect and can raise concerns regarding breast cancer. Pages 175-181 View PDF. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of N64. They're usually asymptomatic, but some people have swelling, tenderness, breast pain, or nipple discharge. The mean pain-rating index (sum of 15 descriptors of SF-MPQ) was similar between cyclical and non-cyclical pain, and was 12. 8%. 2014 Sep 23;111(7):1269-74. Sharp or burning pain. And given your age, it's highly unlikely this will be a concern. 11 became effective on October 1, 2023. castus score was elevated in the late luteal phase and low at the follicular phase, as expected. N64. Diagnosis. Studies have shown that cyclical breast pain goes away within three months of onset in about 3 in 10 cases. This pain occurs toward the end of the menstrual cycle in the week or so before you get your period. 9±11. Abstract: Cyclic mastalgia is one of the most prevalent disorders among fertile women. , agnuside and. 3 Approximately. Asthma is a Mastalgia is considered the most common benign breast disorder in women during the fertile period by a prevalence rate of about 65% [1–3]. 18; vitamin E, p=0. They represent the most common cause of breast mass or breast symptoms in general. Ya, nyeri yang terasa pada payudara ini memang bisa terjadi pada siapa saja. 9 years) with a shorter mean duration of pain (14. Assessment of risk for the development of breast cancer is important and is useful in patient reassurance or to design risk. 9 With a different volume of secretion produced during the luteal phase. , 4 there are difficulties in accepting the organic explanation as the entire explanation for the syndrome. Granulomatous mastitis, left breast. Mastalgia, or breast pain, is common among women which can lead to significant impairment in daily living. improving cyclical mastalgia. P. Hence, finding an effective treatment that can alleviate the symptom is very important. Last revised in August 2021. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered. Section snippets Background. It is found in the 2024 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2023 - Sep 30, 2024 . By definition, mastalgia is the breast tenderness before the menstruation cycle in the luteal phase []. Non-cyclical pain is usually unilateral and its cause may originate from the breast or from the chest wall. The breasts are often painful, tender, and swollen at this time, but symptoms improve at other points in the cycle. Abstract. 22 became effective on October 1, 2023. They're usually asymptomatic, but some people have swelling, tenderness, breast pain, or nipple discharge. Evaluation Treatment Key Points Mastalgia (breast pain) is common and can be localized or diffuse and unilateral or bilateral. Cyclical mastalgia (CM) is the common symptoms in women, which is experienced many times in their life. Cyclical mastalgia; Generalized tenderness of breast; Intractable breast pain; Localized tenderness of breast; Mastalgia of puberty; Mastodynia of bilateral. N64. When evaluating the intensity of the symptom, reassurance was effective in 85. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM N61. mastalgia, that was often associated with tiny discrete lumps in the breast (fibroadenosis). prevalence rates seen in breast clinics (30–69%). It was concluded that reassurance should be the first‐line treatment for women. [5] Consider a diagnosis of cyclical breast pain when a woman with a normal breast exam describes pain that: Usually starts during the luteal phase of the cycle (within 2 weeks before menses), increases until menstruation begins, and improves after menses. Mastalgia pain is mostly mild, but some patients describe moderate or severe pain . , et al. CAUSES OF MASTALGIA. edu. Cyclic breast pain. There is often a prodromal phase of nausea and pallor. Although largely ignored both scientifically and clinically in the United States, this condition merits further biopsychosocial investigation. This chapter includes symptoms, signs, abnormal. Browse for your desired term or condition, or search for a specific disease / condition. Previous Term: Mast Cell. However, non-cyclical pain isn’t always as easy to treat. 48-55. Cyclical mastalgia affects two-thirds of patients with true mastalgia. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include fibrocystic disease, gynecomastia, and. Hence, finding an effective treatment that can alleviate the symptom is very important. In Vaziri and et al. Benign breast disease in women is a very common finding and results in a diagnosis in approximately one million women annually in the United States (1). Stata Statistical. The 2020 version of ICD-10-CM N62 becomes effective on October 1, 2019, replacing the previous edition. Here, it is important to note that mastalgia can beThe authors verified a success rate of 70. 33%, where 88. Most breast cancers do not cause pain. Thus, we carry out this study to determine the efficacy of evening primrose oil (EPO) for mastalgia treatment in women. Sclerosing adenosis and risk of breast cancer. Eight (08. Mastalgia ditandai dengan gejala nyeri tajam atau sensasi terbakar pada payudara, serta rasa kencang pada payudara. 1 Description Intensity of mastalgia Timepoint before and after intervention Method of measurement Visual analogue scale (VAS) 2 Description Serum level of prolactin Timepoint before and after intervention. cancer occurrence and cyclical mastalgia [11, 12] and two studies of mammographic parenchymal pat-terns, which described an association between high risk mammographic patterns and cyclical mastalgiacyclic mastalgia ICD-10 code N64. Evaluation Treatment Key Points Mastalgia (breast pain) is common and can be localized or diffuse and unilateral or bilateral. Berikut beberapa gejalanya: Gejala mastalgia siklik: Perasaan payudara yang lebih berat dan nyeri. 10. Hormones are believed to play a causal role, but causes aren't fully understood. 4 ICD-10 code description Mastodynia Primary outcomes 1 Description severity of cyclic breast pain Timepoint at the begining of the study- at the end of first cycle of intervention- at the end of the second sycle of intervention Method of measurement visual analog scale 2 Description duration of the breast pain. The Mean age ± SD in women with cyclic mastalgia and control were (28. Umumnya mastalgia terjadi akibat pengaruh hormon yang mengatur siklus haid seseorang. It is influenced by hormonal changes over the menstrual. Pain is usually at its worst 3 - 5 days before the first day of your period, and can vary from slight tenderness to more intense pain and aching. Severity and pattern of mastalgia, whether cyclical or non-cyclical, was assessed using self-administered record cards. Education and reassurance is an integral part of the management of mastalgia and should be the first-line treatment. Cyclic Mastalgia. Mansel RE, Dogliotti L. Cyclical mastalgia was defined as a bilateral painful breast swelling, lasting for more than 4 days and up to 3 weeks, always preceding menses, and subsiding progressively during menstruation [9]. The most likely etiology in perimenopausal women is cyclical mastalgia. Abstract: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted with 111. About one third of women with breast pain have this type of pain. The pain is linked to menstrual periods. 1). 71 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 611. Of the 236 patients, 10 women had cyclical breast pain, 116 had noncyclical, nonfocal breast pain, and 110 had noncyclical, focal breast pain. 7 years and group Ib was 38. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM N64. Breast pain is a common symptom in most women during their lifetime, and many times is self-limited. 1 The episodes occur at variable intervals, with an average of 12 per year. The study was designed as double-blind, placebo controlled in two parallel groups (each 50 patients). Pak J Surg. Scar tissue. At. breast pain is not a criteria for urgent referral, with a positive predictive value of <3% for breast cancer; and 6. 20 20 Gateley CA, Miers M, Mansel RE. - begins in luteal phase of menstrual cycle and subsides with menses; - usually bilateral; - poorly localized; - associated with outer quadrants; Cyclic mastalgia is characterized as. [17,18] The Cardiff breast pain chart has been utilized and it is a daily chart for monitoring breast pain, as shown in Figure 1. Cyclic breast pain: Cyclic mastalgia affects women in their 20s, 30s, or 40s, while they are still menstruating. Br J Cancer. 7 times as likely as asymptomatic young women to have had a mammogram. Cyclic mastalgia: Tends to be a feeling of soreness or heaviness. Noncyclical mastalgia: • is usually unilateral, localised to one part of the breast; commonly the inner part of the breast or behind the nipple • is described as having a burning, stabbing, or throbbing quality • is more likely than cyclical mastalgia to beMastodynia. Breast cysts are a very common diagnosis among women and one of the most common reasons for a referral to a breast clinic. Cyclical breast pain comes and goes regularly related to the menstrual cycle (monthly period). Breast pain that is associated with the menstrual cycle due to. Mastodynia ICD-10-CM N64. It is manifested by pain, hypersensitivity, discomfort in the area of the mammary glands and their swelling. Definition. 1 2 Cyclic breast pain exacerbates with the onset of the second half of the menstrual period and alleviates with the onset of menstrual bleeding; it is also distributed bilaterally toward the upper arms and armpits. Tends to occur in both breasts, and sometimes the associated armpits and arms. Fifty women with FBD were included. Cyclic mastalgia is defined as breast pain of moderate-to-severe intensity, lasting ≥7 days and, because it demonstrates a relationship to the menstrual cycle, occurring in premenopausal women . The pain is often described as a dull, heavy ache, not focused on any specific spot. 3 It may last > 5 days and ∼ 30% of. Mastalgia, or breast pain, is common among women which can lead to significant impairment in daily living. 4 Mastodynia. 13, 14 Although pain is often mild, up to 11% of women experience severe pain, and. Cyclic mastalgia: Tends to be a feeling of soreness or heaviness. There was a higher incidence of 'high risk' mammographic patterns and a lower incidence of 'low risk' patterns, according to the Wolfe classification, in women. In a prospective study by Plu-Bureau et al. Mastalgia is a common problem among women and nearly 70% experience this at some point in their life. Fibrocystic breast disease is now called fibrocystic breast changes or fibrocystic breasts. Most breast cancers do not cause pain. 0 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Cyclical mastalgia has been estimated by population-based surveys to affect from 22% to 41% of women [2, 4–6], with higher prevalence rates seen in breast clinics (30–69%) [7–10]. 10; and EPO plus vitamin E, p=0. Health Problems (ICD-10) include the condition under benign mammary dysplasia (category N60) and sub-. • mastalgia, mastodynia, or breast tenderness is a common problem experienced by most women. Usually occurs in one part. Diary cards are often helpful. , casticin, kaempferol, orientin, quercetagetin, and isovitexin), iridoid glycosides (i. This type of mastalgia is experienced 2–3 days before the menstrual period as gentle nodules in the breast [ 2 , 9 , 10 ]. N62 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Approximately 8-10% of premenopausal women experience moderate to severe perimenstrual breast pain or cyclical mastalgia, monthly. The pain may be constant or it may occur only occasionally, and it can occur in men, women and transgender people. However, diffuse bilateral pain is very common in women. (I A) 9. Top 5 most commonly. Noncyclic pain may come from the breast or may come from somewhere else, such as nearby muscles or joints, and may be felt in the breast. The pain arises from the breast, but sometimes when it is referred from the chest wall it gets commonly mistaken as pain in the breast. It is most commonly minor or moderate and is accepted as part of the normal changes of the. 9%) reported epigastric pain and ten patients (19. 9%). 4 ICD-10 code description Mastodynia Primary outcomes 1 Description Intensity of mastalgia Timepoint before and after intervention Method of measurement Visual analogue scale (VAS) 2 Description Serum level of prolactin Timepoint before and after intervention Method of measurement Lab test Secondary. (II-1 A) 2. Unfortunately, for some women the discomfort can begin around two weeks before her. 1887194. N61. 7% felt mastalgia hourly. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of N60. Mastalgia is usually a benign disorder in young women due to hormonal imbalance during their menstrual cycle. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM N64. Non-cyclical mastalgia is not related to the menstrual cycle. Mastodynia also known as Mastalgia or breast pain is a common complaint in females. cyclic mastalgia ICD-10 code N64. 8% of woman had cyclical mastalgia which was closer to the results of Ader et al. Occurs monthly. 2021; 4 (1): p. 5%) did not have PMS. Young women (≤ 35 years) were more than three times as likely to have had a mammogram (75%) if they regularly experienced cyclical mastalgia than if they did not (24%; p < 0. Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is a common condition and affects up to 70% of women during their lifetime. It is possible that other foreign versions of ICD-10 N62. Some people begin to have cyclic pain around the time of ovulation, continuing until the start of their menstrual period. Approaches to managing mastalgia include minimizing estrogen to the lowest effective dose or using conjugated estrogens, cyclic progestin dosing, tibolone or the TSEC (when. Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation is one of the most common problems of women. Diagnosis, Breast pain. Danazol showed that it an effective drug in the management of both cyclical and non-cyclical mastalgia . It goes away after her period ends. A thorough assessment is required to determine the. 7% of the patients with a mild form of mastalgia, in 70. 4 may differ. Toggle Menu. 2014. psu. Overall final response was noted in terms of complete dissolution and. Typically, it occurs in the second half of the monthly cycle, becoming worse in the days just before a period; orCyclical breast pain is related to the menstrual cycle. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. Cyclical mastalgia. Summary. Those patients admitted with mastalgia were randomly divided into group I, treated with EPO orally (1300 mg, twice a day) for 6 weeks and group II, treated with. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM N64. It is thought to be caused by fluctuations in hormones during the luteal phase when high levels of estrogen and progesterone cause milk ducts and glands to swell, trapping fluid inside the breasts. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M77. To date, hormonal agents, despite their side effects, have been widely used for treatment of. J Am Coll Surg. 7% had cyclical mastalgia while 22. The pain may come from the breast. Fibrocystic breast disease is now called fibrocystic breast changes or fibrocystic breasts because the. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Danazol and Oil of Evening Primrose (OEP) in the treatment of Mastalgia, and to note their undesirable effects during the course of. Cyclical is more common than noncyclical mastalgia; about two-thirds of women with mastalgia report cyclical symptoms with pain beginning in the week prior to menstruation (14, 15). Localized breast pain is usually caused by a focal disorder that causes a mass , such as a breast cyst, or an infection (eg, mastitis , abscess). It is most common. 8% and all of the patients with breast cancer in this group was postmenopausal. European multicentre trial of bromocriptine in cyclical mastalgia. 0 may differ. Breast pain (mastalgia) is experienced by ≤70% of women during their lifetime1 and may be considered a physiological symptom rather like painful menses, but remains a common presentation in primary care. Sangat jarang kasus mastalgia berhubungan dengan kanker. Wahner-Roedler and Carolyn J. Mastalgia. % of lactation history, while family. Sometimes the pain comes from the breast tissue in one or both breasts without any physical cause. Mastalgia ditandai dengan gejala nyeri tajam atau sensasi terbakar pada payudara, serta rasa kencang pada payudara. It is suggested that tamoxifen is highly efficaceous and cost effective for the management of severe cyclical mastalgia. Tamoxifen 10 mg daily or danazol 200 mg daily should beWhat is mastalgia? Mastalgia is breast pain and is generally classified as either cyclical (associated with menstrual periods) or noncyclic. Saat menjelang haid hingga menstruasi, tubuh wanita mengalami perubahan hormon. 71 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before September 30, 2015. 2020) with discomfort lasting for a varying period of time before menstruation. The ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index is designed to allow medical coders to look up various medical terms and connect them with the appropriate ICD codes. Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with a solution containing a Vitex agnus castus extract: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study. The diagnosis codes found in the Tabular List and Alphabetic Index have been adopted under HIPAA for all healthcare settings. The berry of the chaste tree contains a number of active constituents: flavonoids (i. 12 Factors. Although it is usually mild and self-limited, approximately 15 percent of affected women require treatment . (II-3 B) 3. Article preview. 1093/jbi/wbab071 . Non-cyclical mastalgia. DOI: 10. Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes < 10% of cases. occurs one to two weeks before menses and is relieved by the onset of the menstrual flow. Mastodynia, mastalgia or mammalgia are names for a medical symptom that means - pain in the breast (from the Greek masto-, breast and algos, pain). There are 0 terms under the parent term 'Mastalgia' in the ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index . 1 - other international versions of ICD-10 R59. 1097/CM9. Often bilateral, diffuse breast pain. Key Words: Mastalgia, cyclic, non-cyclic, prevalence, reassurance. Introduction. Among the patients who received non- pharmacological treatment. This disease process is a. Given the nature and its response to the treatment, Mastalgia is divided. 9 is applicable to adult patients aged 15 - 124 years inclusive. Cyclic mastalgia is treated symptomatically with lifestyle modification, analgesics, and hormonal therapy. Cyclic mastalgia is related to the. In randomized trials conducted in Great Britain, 4 58 percent of women with cyclic mastalgia and 38 percent of those with noncyclic mastalgia responded to treatment with evening primrose oil (γ. It is defined previously that breast pain is onset of Menstruation. HormonalThe maximum number of participants belonged to 21 to 30 years age group (40 patients). Results: Seventy-nine percent reported having regularly experienced cyclical breast symptoms; 48% have asked a health care provider about their mastalgia. The pain can range from minor discomfort to severely. Medicine. Up to 70% of. However, diffuse bilateral pain is very common in women. 1997;185(5):466-70. History will often reveal the temporal association of cyclical mastalgia with the menstrual cycle, but the best way to assess whether pain is cyclical is to ask the patient to complete a breast pain. Cyclic Mastalgia. 10, 11 According to our study, 39. , 4 there are difficulties in accepting the organic explanation as the entire explanation for the syndrome. common than cyclical mastalgia and more common in women in their 40s. bursitis due to use, overuse and pressure ( M70. She enters her menstrual experience on a separate part of chart, which allows us to visualize the full month's pain severity in an uncluttered. The results of the meta-analysis showed that herbal medicines and their subgroups may have effective and helpful effects on improving cyclic breast mastalgia. e. ↓ See below for any exclusions, inclusions or special notations. 4: Mastodynia. Often, cyclical mastalgia will settle over the course of a few months, returning to “normal” pre-menstrual breast discomfort without any specific treatment. Breast pain can range from mild to severe. It goes away after her period ends. Non-cyclic mastalgia: Sharp, burning pain. 9%. The exact cause is not fully understood — it is thought that hormonal changes affecting the breast tissue are involved. While the prevalence is known in the Western world, it is unknown in many African countries. That the general practitioners considered early diagnosis to be important was made evident from a number of the results, and the evidence showing that long-term survival may be greater when delays are shorter is encouraging. The commonest cause is cyclical mastalgia. Pain can be throbbing, pulsating, pinching, or radiating in character that is experienced with some degree of tenderness. C84. 2022 , Smith RL. Complaints of mastalgia are more common in premenopausal women. 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