Macha - An Irish goddess of life, war, and death. According to the Irish traditions, there were two main names of the Druid women: baduri and the banfilid, meaning female poets. Her name contains an allusion to the horse: in Celtic, "epos" means “horse” and the suffix “-ona” affixed simply means “on”. If you’re looking for a TL;DR book review. ) The sun and light are important symbols of this first harvest festival. The three princesses will harness their powers to help you win more prizes. Danu, in Celtic religion, the earth-mother goddess or female principle, who. Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. Bast, or Bastet, is the Egyptian goddess of warfare, depicted in the form of a cat. Alator The Celtic god Alator was associated with Mars, the Roman war god. Bast is associated with perfume, as well, as the hieroglyph for her name is the same as that of the bas. In Irish Celtic mythology, the goddess Brigid rules over the well as a source of poetic inspiration or Awen. In a book from 1870 called ‘The Ancient Irish Goddess of War’, the Morrigan is described as being able to predict the death of warriors in battle, which. Most onlyine slots nowadays have payout percentages ranging from 96% to 96. Morrigan: goddess of war and death. Her most prominent symbol is the Black Forest, the massive. Leyendecker in T. The name Fedelma was recorded in ancient texts, as a woman in the court of Queen Medb of Connacht, who was a “banfili”. Both. Hi, and have you thought of the possibility that it is in fact Bast, but that your mind is so Celtic focused, so that. The shape-shifting Celtic Goddess presided over war, fate, and death. For the vast majority of the islands’ history, the veneration of a female Supreme Being (Mother-Goddess) was the. In this article, we will explore the mythology and power. There are many references to Nud of the Silver Hand in Irish mythology and folktales, but the main outline of his role is clear. Arawn. Known by his epithet ‘Fair Shining One’, Belenus was the quintessential sun god in Celtic mythology. Celtic Protection. Many of Ireland’s wells and waterways were devoted to her. She feeds on the heads of slain enemies. She nurtured the gods and her name was adopted by the Tuatha Dé Danann, the. Manannan – Celtic God of the Sea. Among the Tuatha De Dannan, she was one of the most popular goddesses. Also included are the children of the Mother Goddess Danu, the Tuatha de Danann, who are fundamental to Scottish, Irish and Manx Mythology. Brigid – goddess of poetry, healing, and smithing. The comic book series Sláine features a character, Carnun, based on Cernunnos. Aine. Enbarr. Celtic religion - Druids, Rituals, Gods: Little is known about the religious beliefs of the Celts of Gaul. Sri ("Prosperity"), also known as Lakshmi ("Good Fortune"), is the Hindu Goddess of beauty and love, who brings wealth. panosilos • 3 yr. Among all the Olympian gods,. Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. 1- Athena. 352 pages. Interesting Stories , Ireland , Celtic Legends , Legends and Folklore , Celtic Culture. Bast, or Bastet, is the Egyptian goddess of warfare, depicted in the form of a cat. God of youth, love and beauty. The Cleopatra Gold slot machine from IGT continues a series of hugely popular games at online and mobile casinos. The connection with the wolf, along with the cow, suggests that in some areas, she may have been linked to fertility and land. In this article, we will explore the mythology. In Roman mythology, Selene is associated with Luna, the Roman goddess of the moon. She is of the Tuatha Dé Danann, a supernatural race most often said to be the people or tribe of the Goddess Danú, although older. In Welsh legend, Cerridwen represents the crone, which is the darker aspect of the goddess. Flidais, a Celtic female goddess widely worshiped in Ireland, was connected to sexual energy, the domestic and natural spheres, and wild animals. The banshees are female spirits in Celtic mythology, that possess a powerful and chilling shriek and a ghastly appearance. For more, see the categories Goddesses of the ancient Britons, Gaulish goddesses, Irish goddesess and Welsh goddesses. The Morrighan is a Celtic goddess associated with war and battle, as well as the sovereignty of the land, and rightful kingship. In Celtic mythology, the goddess Danu, also known as Anu or Dana, is the ancient mother of all gods and of the Celtic people. A previously unknown Romano-British goddess has been resurrected at the British Museum, patiently prised from soil. Her association with fertility made her a beloved. Margawse - A Mother aspect of the Triple Goddess. 164 - c. Cristina McAllister. Celtic Goddess Danu. Cerridwen: Celtic Goddess of Inspiration. (The name Lú or Lugh is associated with brightness and light, which is why he has been associated with the sun since at least Victorian times. One of the Tuatha De Danann. Cerridwen, also spelled Ceridwen and Kerrydwen, is a name with Welsh origins. Regional deities were known throughout the Celtic regions, and usually included the deities of protection, healing, luck, and honour. Morrigan – The Goddess of Prophecies, War and Fate. 4 out of 5 stars. Historically, Elen of the Hosts was a real woman who lived in the 4th century, but in British legend and Welsh and Celtic mythology, may go back even further. Female Mage Names with Meanings: Althea – meaning “healer” in Greek. Convertus Aurum Free Spins. Eostre - Goddess of spring. The name Brigid means exalted one, while her most ancient Gaelic name, Breo-Saighead, means fiery power or fiery arrow. A mother and a wise woman all at once, she is blessed by the gift of poetic wisdom, inspiration, and prophecy, called collectively Awen in Welsh lore. Inspirational Áine: Celtic Goddess of Love and Healing. The great mother or the goddess Danu has a lot of symbolic meaning that she can portray. For more, see the categories Goddesses of the ancient Britons,. This category includes the most important and best-known goddesses of the Celtic world. The ancient Celtic mythology included more than 400 gods and goddesses, and their roles ranged from presiding over rivers to leading armies into battle. Queen Nefertari being led by Isis, the Ancient Egyptian mother goddess of magic. The lurid, gem-themed video slot is known for its excellent gameplay, with both wild and scatter symbols to be found on the reels. Little is. Like other Celtic goddesses there are overlap between the stories of the Morrigan and those of other deities. If, when I said fairy princess, your mind jumped to the image of a pretty little butterfly creature fluttering in the flowers like the fairies you see on greeting cards, you can be forgiven, but you’d be wrong. This symbolizes the cyclical nature of life, death, and rebirth, paralleling the lunar phases. Well-researched, interesting and engaging, the reader is informed and. The RTP (return to player) of Convertus Aurum is 95. Lugh is the great Celtic God of the Sun, and was greatly skilled at many things. In Irish mythological cycles, Brighid (or Brighit), whose name is derived from the Celtic brig or "exalted one", is the daughter of the Dagda, and therefore one of the Tuatha de Dannan. 99, Kindle: $16. ”. Artemis is the Greek goddess of the hunt. This deity, also known as Manannán, holds a prominent role in the mythological tales of Ireland. 235 CE). Throughout these stretches of time, as in any ancient culture, colorful and vibrant stories and traditions came about, and tales of great kings, queens, warriors, deities, and. Of the handful of books I've read about the Morrigan, Celtic Lore & Spellcraft of the Dark Goddess by Stephanie Woodfield was by far the best. The Puca is a mischievous little creature that’s often misunderstood as evil. 1. These previous inhabitants of ancient Ireland became gods amongst men, fighting off the Fomorian threat and teaching their ways to those that came after. The unique free spins bonus with multipliers also. She appears in Irish mythology as one of the most prominent goddesses and a daughter of the Dagda. Brigíd, the Celtic goddess, is recorded in the text Cormac's Glossary, composed by 9th century C. Macha. He is associated with skill, crafts and the arts. She is associated with summertime—the summer solstice and the two days following are her sacred days. The son of another cultural hero-figure, Lugh, Cú Chulainn is a mighty warrior whose weapon is Gáe Bolga, a terrible spear that inflicts 30 wounds on its target from only a single strike. The horned god Cernunnos was widely worshiped throughout the Celtic world. As the son of Dagda, Neit inherited immense power and authority. She has also been associated with fertility, music and physical pleasure. With origins deeply rooted in Celtic beliefs, Epona was revered as a symbol of power, fertility, and the divine connection with horses. Arianrhod holds a significant position in Celtic mythology as the goddess of the stars and the concept of reincarnation. We should take a trip back to the British Isles and Ireland and meet a goddess named Cailleach. Historians believe that Brigid was a largely personal goddess. The Morrigan Goddess is also known as what’s called a ‘Triple Goddess’. Celtic mythology – also known as Gaelic and Gaulish mythology – is the collection of myths pertaining to ancient Celtic religion. This category includes the most important and best-known goddesses of the Celtic world. Knowing which Celtic Goddess matches your personality will help you stay tuned with your powerful feminine side and. One of the oldest Irish symbols is the cross of St. The top prize of 30,338x can only really be accommodated by a higher volatility slot. As the Celtic god of fire, he was worshiped primarily in Gaul and Britain. By: Philip Freeman. Javascript is required to run this page properly. The “People of the Goddess Danu” worshipped Danu long before the Dagda came along, making her one of the “ oldest mythical beings in Ireland . The raven is admired for its discernment, knowledge, and mastery of both the material and heavenly realms. Associated with the great pagan Goddess Brigid, a very powerful deity of the Tuath De Danann (pictured below), a race of the Mythical Cycle who, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, ruled Ireland from 1897 BC to 1700 BC before descending to the Otherworld. Medb – Queen of Connacht. Her most prominent symbol is the Black Forest, the massive mountain range in Baden-Würtemburg, Germany. This book also explores her patronage of motherhood, healing, shapeshifting,. Celtic Lenus, from Lenos, might have roots in the stem “lēno-,” meaning “wood” or “bocage. Druantia – several Celtic areas; goddess known as Queen of the Druids and Mother of the tree calendar. Morrigan was a powerful and mysterious deity in Celtic mythology. Sporting a unique 5x5 grid layout, this anime-inspired casino game is packed with special features. Aine Celtic Goddess is a prominent figure in Irish mythology, representing summer, wealth, and sovereignty. I. People also regard Angus as the god of youth, for he was young and good-looking. The Origin of the Goddess Danu. A modern-day depiction of the Celtic god. He was one of the chieftain gods of the Tuatha Dé Danann, or the ‘Tribe of the Goddess Danu’. 11. The Puca is one of many shape-shifters in Irish mythology and it has the ability to change its appearance with ease. Throughout the Roman Empire, her worship and rituals spread, leaving a lasting influence on art, literature, and religious. Lugh – a warrior god. Kerridwin is a Welsh Triple Goddess. She was revered for her strength, courage, and power, and was often invoked by warriors and rulers to ensure success in battle and leadership. This power comes from her magical cauldron, where she brews great potions to help others. Abnoba, also known as Avnova, Dianae Abnobae, or Dea Abnoba, is a Celtic goddess of nature, mountains, and hunt. In this article, I am going to talk about how to connect with Ceridwen and work. ”. The Celts believed in various gods and goddesses and were polytheistic, which means they worshiped many deities. Nodens (From Celtic Origin) meaning "to catch, to hunt", from the Roman God associated with healing, the sea, hunting and dogs. Both are called triple goddesses because they. Rhiannon (Welsh) – One of the Celtic Goddesses of fertility, the moon, night and death. Across the. Macha is the Celtic goddess of war, thought to be one aspect of the tripartite goddess of war and death, Morrigan. [deleted] •. As a solar goddess, she embodies the element of fire and is commonly depicted with rays of light. According to ancient Irish myth, Enbarr was a mythological horse who could take to both land and water. Celtic goddesses. Dagda, the chief God of the Celts, the majestic Brigid who was worshiped throughout the Celtic lands, and Bile, whose role was transporting the souls of dead Celts to the Otherworld. Girl names that mean water include India, Maren, Cordelia, Brooke, Lake, and Talia. Yeah, these folks had their work cut out for them. Played over five reels and 20 paylines, it’s filled with iconic images from Ancient Egypt. Many Pagans honor her today as a goddess of the hearth and. Her presence is usually one of foreboding, but she is also able to foretell battle victories. In the modern imagination, the Morrigan is one of the most enduring and captivating characters of Irish mythology. Published on November 3, 2020. 98. The glowing blue cauldron acts as the game's bonus scatter. Celtic Goddess von Quickfire ist für dich zum Spiele verfügbar mit: Euro, US Dollar, Kanadische Dollar, Australische Dollar und vielen weiteren Währungen. The Celtic people have worshiped her as a. Length: 7 hrs and 31 mins. Revered by the Celts throughout Gaul, the British Isles, and various regions of Celtic Europe, Rosmerta was venerated as a symbol of prosperity, well-being, and bountiful harvests. Danu, in Celtic religion, the earth-mother goddess or female principle, who. What’s more, records show that the church itself was built in wood. She is particularly known in Anglo-Saxon and Old High German traditions and is believed to be the namesake for the Christian holiday of Easter. History of the Goddess Epona. Brigid, Goddess of Fire. ’s. From the fierce warrior goddesses to the nurturing and protective mother figures, these goddesses have been worshipped by the Celts for centuries. The Celtic Goddess Epona holds a significant place in ancient mythology and culture. The unique free spins bonus with multipliers also. Her holiday, Imbolc, was held on February 1st and marked the midpoint of winter. Artio’s influence extends to the astral. C. Belenus is associated with the sun, healing, and prophecy. Once a powerful people who dominated much of Europe, the Celts were reduced to a few small groups after the Roman invasions. She appears in Irish mythology as a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann, the daughter of the Dagda and wife of Bres, with whom she had a son named Ruadán. Rolleston. Epithets: Mother Goddess, The Flowing One Danu was one of the. 5%. It is the goddess embedded deep inside you that drive your decisions and choices in life. He was a warrior, oracle, poet, and the author of the fourth-century Ogham writing system. She is also a singular goddess. com - Epona is the Gaulish goddess of horses, donkeys, and mules. Get 100% up to $2000 + 20 Free Spins. Brigid, or the Exalted One, was the Irish goddess of spring, fertility, and life. Her name translates into a range of meanings. She is regarded as the goddess of the winds, wilderness, and winter. Examples include Athena (#78 most popular girl name), Chloe (#18), and Iris (#84). Jetzt anmelden und spielen. Celtic Goddess. ”. She is primarily known as the Goddess of war. A. Translated as “Queen,” or “Great Queen,” some modern pagans more loosely interpret Rhiannon’s name as “White Witch. W. Epona in the game Zelda TOTK References to Epona “The Prydain Chronicles” by Lloyd Alexander: Epona is mentioned as the goddess of horses in this series of fantasy books, which are based on Celtic mythology and culture. Wearing a set of stag antlers and torque, this unsuspecting forest god likely held control over life and death. She is both a single goddess and part of a triple deity. The Celtic gods and goddesses belonged to the supernatural Tuath Dé Danann: beings from the Otherworld. His name translates as Shining One. Origin: Romani. Sinann, goddess of the River Shannon. Celtic Wolves . The site is also positioned on a hilltop, a common feature in ancient deity worship. Egobail - foster son of Manannan mac Lir and father of Aine. The Danube River is believed by some to have a connection with. The Tuatha Dé Danann (Irish: [ˈt̪ˠuə(hə) dʲeː ˈd̪ˠan̪ˠən̪ˠ], meaning "the folk of the goddess Danu"), also known by the earlier name Tuath Dé ("tribe of the gods"), are a supernatural race in Irish mythology. 4. In Irish mythology, Ellén Trechend is a three-headed beast. As a triple goddess, Badb is often depicted with her sisters, Machu and Anu, who are also sometimes referred to as The Three Morrigan. Two of the most famous Celtic triple goddesses are Ceridwen, the Welsh enchantress, and the Morrigan, the Irish goddess of war. 10 EDT. Known as a solar deity and fierce warrior, Lugh is associated with storms and possesses powerful mystical weapons. Celtic deities. 96%, which is on the less generous side of the casino market's standard. 8. Beloved by poets, she was the master of both healing and smithing. ” Belenus1- The Banshee. She appears in Irish mythology as a member of the Tuatha De Danann. In truth, despite his archaic acclaim, Cernunnos is more mysterious. She is further humanized with the progress of Arthurian storytelling. God of the underground. Among Irish herbalists and healers Aine is revered , but she was said to. The Mysterious Mother Goddess. If we believed the ancient world, there were two different types of deities worshiped by the people―general and local. The Morrigan Goddess is also known as what’s called a ‘Triple Goddess’. Prior to her role as a warrior goddess, she was linked to sovereignty and kingship. Some types of animals, too, were revered by the Celts as having special powers. Kerridwen, Celtic Goddess Of Wisdom. Nodens, the god of hunting and the sea. $24. 01%. A look at some of the top Celtic mythology gods and goddesses, including Morrigan, Danu, Dagda, Cú Chulainn, Aonghus, Brigit, and Tuath Dé Danann. Brigid, the goddess of wisdom and poetry. Cailleach, also known as the Cailleach Bhéara or the Hag of Beara is a crone-like figure of the Celtic world. The Tuatha Dé Danann, including powerful figures like Morrigan, Brigid, and Lugh, play integral roles in Irish folklore. Primarily a war goddess, the Morrigan took the form of a raven or crow. 6. The Tuatha Dé Danann as depicted in John Duncan's Riders of the Sidhe (1911). Additionally, the Celtic god of weather was associated with the sky and heaven. More than $250,000 in monthly player cashouts. These previous inhabitants of ancient Ireland became gods amongst men, fighting off the Fomorian threat and teaching their ways to those that came after. Oct 28, 2022. As well as marrying a river goddess, some have seen his silver arm as representing water. Danu was worshipped as a goddess of fertility, wisdom, and the wind. 0. Patrick came. Her name was borne by the legendary Tuatha Dé Danann (“People of the Goddess Danu”), the Irish company of gods, who may be considered either as distinct individuals or as extensions of the goddess and who survive in Irish lore as the fairy folk, skilled in magic. “The Legend of Zelda” video game series: Epona is the name of the rideable mare that appears in several. It’s also a high volatility which pays out a good mixture of both large and small prizes, but you may find yourself going for long stretches without a win. Susan Byron. Autumn Queen Painting. Donn – Wales; the sea goddess. Finding 3, 4 or 5 of these on the reels will trigger the free games bonus, offering 10, 15 or 30 free spins respectively. 61 CE), queen of the Iceni in Britain, called upon the help of Andrasta when there was a tribal uprising in 61 CE. Her festival, Imbolc, marks the end. Áine of Knockaine - Goddess of youth, beauty and love. Some sources say she is also a moon goddess. Áine is the Goddess of Summer. Epona is the patron goddess of mares and foals. Despite being a well-known Celtic goddess, only one tale of Epona's origin remains. There are many Scottish Gods and Goddesses, some of the most popular include: Brighid, the goddess of fire, healing, and poetry; Lugh, the god of the sun, light, and truth; and The Morrigan, the goddess of war and death. Failinis was an unstoppable hound who fought in battles, according to Irish legend. This was quite a popular solution for wise people of pre-Christian religions: To avoid problems, many of them preferred to become a part of. The Morrigan, one of the most powerful Celtic deities, is widely viewed as an amalgamation of these three sisters. The quiz is developed by Celtic mythology experts to help you reveal your ancient Celtic power hidden within. Hot Gems is a 5-reel casino slot from Playtech, one that features 25 unique paylines. Áine of Knockaine - Goddess of youth, beauty and love. The variations of these and the other Celtic gods can be seen in the multiple Celtic mythological cycles preserved to this day. 23 The legend is a typical Gaelic-style origin legend for the name of the river, but Athfhinn may have been the. Brigid the Goddess is part of the original pantheon of Celtic pantheon. Cauldrons were Celtic symbols of prosperity and rebirth, and she herself was the Mother Goddess, known for nurturing her children. Lí Ban, water goddess. I believe that she is an excellent example of what feminine power is. Replica of the incomplete Pillar of the Boatmen, from Paris, with four deities, including the only depiction of Cernunnos to name. Often compared to the Greek Athena and Roman Minerva. 1 Domestic animals, in Celtic mythology, were believed to have come from the god's land. Jhenah Telyndru's Rhiannon: Divine Queen of the Celtic Britons is a real treasure-trove of lore and wisdom regarding this beloved Welsh goddess. As a Goddess, her influence extends over many areas in life, which the Celts highly valued. The survival of the people and their livestock depended on a prosperous harvest, hence the worship of fertility deities like Aine was highly valued. However, where Cernunnos fit into the Celtic pantheon is a bit more complicated. Athena goddess coin necklace. An 18th-century engraving showing two druids by Bernard de Montfaucon. Celtic Goddess benefits from two spin modes: standard and auto. She was a goddess of war, destiny, and fate. The Morrígan is mainly associated with war and fate, especially with foretelling doom, death, or victory in battle. 9. Manannán mac Lir: Celtic Sea God of Irish Mythology. With her powers over fertility and agriculture, she holds influence over crops and animals. However, it seems that there is more to this Celtic icon than first meets the eye. Christian monks. Dagda. Brigit is considered the patroness of poetry, smithing, medicine, arts and crafts, cattle and other livestock, sacred wells, serpents, and the arrival of early spring. In the Canadian fantasy television series Lost Girl, the Morrigan is a title held by the leader of the Dark Fae. She can help with healing and herbal magick as well. According to the Welsh lore, she was a wise. 3. Artemis (Greek) Artemis was a lunar goddess in Greek mythology. Many of these myths were suppressed by Roman. Worship of the Celtic gods was not widespread throughout Europe throughout the Iron Age, with the possible exception of Lugh. The Celtic pantheon can be. Start by clicking the question mark symbol in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen to explore the game’s bonus features and paytable information. They come in many colors and designs. 10 EDT. Saga – Goddess of Knowledge & Water. Narrated by: Gerard Doyle. But the clever part is the Growing Reels system that triggers at the same time. Aengus the Young, or Aengus Óg, is the chief bard of the Tuatha dé Danann tribe of Irish gods. Jammin Jars is an online slot created by Push Gaming that offers a maximum win of 20,000X your stake. Your Search for - 1,925 printable 3D Models. Mon 1 Sep 2003 06. @IrishCentral. The Celtic myths were divided into four cycles: The Mythological Cycle includes the ancient tales regarding the origins of the Irish people and their gods, which inhabited the island. Hindu Goddess of Love and Beauty: Sri (Lakshmi) Source = Gstatic. Caer Ibormeith - Goddess of sleep and dreams. [1] In many known cultures, goddesses are often linked with literal or metaphorical pregnancy or imagined feminine roles associated with how women and girls are perceived or expected to behave. He was seen as a mediator between the. Áine of Knockaine - Goddess of youth, beauty and love. Associated with the sun and the summer solstice, Aine is often depicted as a red mare. They include: Lugh: Known as Lugus in ancient inscriptions, he was one of the most widely worshipped gods among the Celts. Some stories portray them as old hags and others depict them as young maidens or middle-aged women. However, the 3D graphics, animations and sound effects are top-quality. Ancient Celtic religion, commonly known as Celtic paganism [1] [2] [3] was the religion of the ancient Celtic peoples of Europe. This. Updated: 11/21/2023 Table of ContentsLIFESTYLE Mythology. Known as the Eochaid Ollathair (The Great Father), and Ruad Rofesa (the Mighty One of. Photo: alantobey via Canva The names of Celtic gods and the names of Celtic goddesses that occur often in Celtic mythology are listed below. Ceridwen is a powerful Welsh sorceress, and one of the most powerful witches in Celtic mythology. This quick introduction covers a few Celtic goddesses. 0)In legends, St Brigid was a daughter of Dubtach. The Dagda, Father God of Ireland The Dagda was a father god of the Celtic pantheon, and plays an important role in the stories of the Irish invasions. Mythic, worshipped in Celtic Ireland, beginning circa 600 B. There are several symbols associated with Eostre, the Celtic goddess of spring and fertility. Paean (From Greek Origin) meaning "a hymn, especially a victory hymn, to. His sanctuaries were set up at medicinal springs, and he would grant protection in battle, health, and general good fortune. January 31, 2023 by Nicky Hoseck. The eye became swollen and granted him the power of death. Seraphina – meaning “burning one” in Hebrew. An 18th-century engraving showing two druids by Bernard de Montfaucon. Play Now. Danu is an ancient Celtic goddess from whom the Tuatha Dé Danann got their name. Macha is an incarnation of the Morrigan. Merripen. In this article, I am going to talk about how to connect with Ceridwen and work. This cross has solar symbolism. Epona was a Celtic goddess. In myth, there were three sister goddesses of the Tuatha De Danaan named Brigid: goddess of. Goddess. Áine (pronounced AHN-yah) is the Celtic Goddess of love, beauty, fertility, the sun, and cattle. Eostre, also called Ostara or Eastre, is a Germanic goddess associated with spring and the dawn. In these stories, Etain’s origins and transformative abilities captivate readers with their symbolic significance. Celtic religion - Gods, Beliefs, Rituals: The locus classicus for the Celtic gods of Gaul is the passage in Caesar’s Commentarii de bello Gallico (52–51 bc; The Gallic War) in which he names five of them together with their functions.