mickelson trail mileage chart. As you can see in the elevation chart below, it is mostly a long gradual rise - or drop, depending on your direction. mickelson trail mileage chart

 
 As you can see in the elevation chart below, it is mostly a long gradual rise - or drop, depending on your directionmickelson trail mileage chart  Kirk Trailhead: MP 105

Downloadable PDF with map and mileage chart. Generally considered a moderately challenging route, it takes an average of 36 hours and 26 minutes to complete. Open the Guidance Notes that accompany this plan (PDF)Black Hills & Badlands Tourism Association (605) 355-3700 (Information Center) (888) 945-7676 (Booking Information) Terms & PoliciesCalTopo - Backcountry Mapping Evolved. com . Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Mickelson Trail Lodge . Click here to view a printable map with mileage chart! Directions The most convenient access point to the Great Allegheny Passage for Westmoreland County residents is located within Cedar Creek Park. Edgemont Campground. Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Services available around Mystic include: Parking, Water, Restroom, Trail Pass. At times, the Mickelson Trail hugs steep granite walls, crossesThe MIckelson Trail is one of the best Rails-to-Trail rides in the country. 17, 2017 saw a hard frost in Rochford, elevation 5302' above sea level. This is due to the massive size and bus-like configuration of the vehicle. Battle Creek NE. Check out this 17. You don’t need mud tires, just something on the wider side, perhaps 700×32 or 700×38. Even air temperature affects the flight of a ball. Camping. South Dakota's George S. These two routes converge back into the single trail about two miles north of Englewood. The main trail route extends 108. X hide map. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. We have incorporated the Rock Island Trail into the maps and mileage charts of this website, but you'll also find a website dedicated to the Rock Island Trail at BikeRockIsland. Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. 29. Day 2: Shuttle from Badlands National Park to mile “44. Museum of Trails Trains & Pioneers. The Mickelson Trail Summer Trail Trek is a three-day bicycle ride, and allows E-bikes. Each post/podium displays a picture of a plant/wildflower that can be found on the trail, along with a passage of information that. Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Towns & Services Mileage Chart Search X hide menu. The Mickelson Trail. 605-662-7712. Built more than 100 years ago as a Gold Rush rail line, the path was converted to a trail and opened in 1998. The Mountain, SD is a town on the Mickelson Trail at mile marker 48. This is a popular trail for hiking, mountain biking, and running, but you can still enjoy some solitude during quieter times of day. Due to moisture, some parts of the trail maybe softer than others, making pedaling more difficult in spots. Mickelson Trail. Services available around Pringle include: Restaurant, Point of Interest, Parking, Water, Restroom, Trail Pass. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. 6: 12. Class 1 and 2 pedal assist e-bikes are allowed on the trail. Mickelson Trail is a former railroad bed that has been resurface with crushed limestone. 5 miles west of US-385 1/2 mile south of Lead on Kirk Road or at Sugarloaf Trail Head located one mile south west of Lead on US-85. 605-584-1401. com . The Mickelson Trail is an easy-going route with mellow grades throughout. Show directions from Sugarloaf Trailhead to traveling. List Towns: South to North North to South. The first 1. No businesses/services found. Petersburg to Tarpon Springs. Bicycle from Custer to Rochford (39. C. Starting Point. Edgemont SD. 1 miElevation gain 242 ftRoute type Out & back. 5 19. Description. The Black Hills surround the trail with beautiful spruce and pine forests. Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. ESPN. Mickelson Trail Towns and Services. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. com . Length 6 days. Mickelson Trail Mileage Chart . 1948 2nd Ave, Edgemont. Located on the Mickelson Trail on the east side of Custer. Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Towns & Services Mileage Chart Search X hide menu. Hat Creek Bar And Grill. Mickelson Trail Read More. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. 9: 17. About Dumont. The end of the mickelson trailDakota mickelson hills tunnels onlyinyourstate trails Mickelson trailMickelson trail adventures. GOLD DISCOVERY DAYS throughout Custer Read More. The route spans around 140 miles between Port Townsend, Washington and La Push, Washington. Services available around Mystic include: Parking, Water, Restroom, Trail Pass. 44. Average Motorhome Gas Mileage Chart. Full-Day Private Bike Tour of Mickelson Trail and Winery. Length 106. Adventure Tours. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. White Elephant, SD is a town on the Mickelson Trail at mile marker 34. When you have completed the entire 109-mile. Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Locations & Services Distance Chart Search X hide menu. Water, Restroom, Trail Pass. 2 miles * 19. Mickelson Trail Elevation. 1 km), from Edgemont to Deadwood, with approximately nine miles of additional branch trails, including a three-mile (5 km) paved. Affordability calculator; Renters guide; Sell Open Sell sub-menu. There are no services available in The Mountain. Pringle, SD is a town on the Mickelson Trail at mile marker 31. The registration fee for the 3-day ride entitles riders to full amenities during the Mickelson Trail Trek, including an annual trail pass, shuttle service, merchandise, refreshments, 3 meals and 6 snacks. 1). DAY 5. Larger Mickelson Trail Map Larger Kirk Loop MapThe Mickelson Trail menu Home Interactive Map Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Towns & Services Mileage Chart Search X hide menuThe rails-to-trails movement had begun in the mid-1960s with the creation of the Sparta Elroy trail in Wisconsin, and really picked up in the 1980s as railroads were in decline. 5. 8 miles (175. Calculate ETA and travel times for towns along your. Discounts for first responders, active military, and Custer residents. Booth Historic National Fish Hatchery. Start to Finish - 6 Day Self Guided - MOST POPULAR. Length: 109 miles. Sleeps 18 · 6 bedrooms · 6+ bathrooms. Spanning 109 miles from Deadwood to Edgemont, the Mickelson Trail makes for the perfect long weekend of camping, hiking, or biking. Mickelson Trail Mileage Chart. It's an easy route made of crushed gravel and limestone. Hill City SD 24090 US-385. About Dumont. And you might not like the typical racing geometry found on a cyclocross frame. Open this plan as a PDF – miles version. Now $79 (Was $̶9̶2̶) on Tripadvisor: Best Western Golden Spike Inn & Suites, Hill City. Rock Island Trail and Katy Trail West. Click any town name in the mileage chart to highlight the distances for that town. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. com Website . These two routes converge back into the single trail about two miles north of. Bike Trail of George S. Mickelson Trail; a whopping 109-mile path that follows the same route as the original Burlington Northern Railroad. 00. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. These two routes converge back into the single trail about two miles north of Englewood. Mickelson Trail and nearby attractions. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. The trail is still undeveloped east of Windsor, but someday it will reach some 200 miles across the state to form a 450 mile loop with the Katy Trail. Mickelson Trail is a former railroad bed that has been resurface with crushed limestone. The license is required of all motorized vehicles for entrance into designated state parks, recreation areas, and lakeside use areas. The George S. Biking Mickelson Trail is a relatively common pastime. Minnekahta Trailhead. sd. Show directions from Edgemont Campground to traveling. CHARLES, MO in 7 days - reduced daily miles - 35 miles/day average. 5 miles are on paved road and the course turns onto the Mickelson Trail. You can also buy a sturdy laminated Katy Trail map here on BikeKatyTrail. Mickelson Trail. Charles County has been designated as an official segment of the Lewis and. 625” x 24. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. There are no services available in White Elephant. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks 523 East Capitol Ave Pierre. from. Map a section of the Mickelson Trail with mile points.  This trail slices right through the middle of the. com . Gold Rush E-Bikes is located in Deadwood, right next to mile 109 of the Mickelson Trail. Cyclocross bikes aren’t that great in hilly terrain, and while the “off road” potential is nice on rail trails, it is not necessary. Build a list of services and mileage distances along your planned route. Mickelson Trail Deadwood Trailhead: MP 108. The above numbers for Hermann include the 2. The maps are suitable for detailed trip-planning, and include parking, available amenities, major highways. Minnekahta, SD is a town on the Mickelson Trail at mile marker 14. Open this plan as a PDF – km version. Hat Creek Bar And Grill. 5. A. The trail is still undeveloped east of Windsor, but someday it will reach some 200 miles across the state to form a 450 mile loop with the Katy Trail. Access Info. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. 5 nights. Nestled in the heart of the Black Hills of South Dakota, one of the nation’s most scenic, historic and memorable cycling adventures awaits. Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. I start my adventure exactly where I left off in Hill City riding towards Custer. [Note: The distance between cities in India distance chart below is straight line distance (may be called as flying or air distance) between the two locations in India calculated based on. It's an easy route made of crushed gravel and limestone. These two routes converge back into. Zillow has 32 photos of this $1,469,000 4 beds, 4 baths, 2,753 Square Feet single family home located at 21129 Gold Pan Trl, Lead, SD 57754 built in 2023. Check out this 106. Then, when the Katy Trail splits from the river near Boonville, the corridor strolls through the state's crop-striped countryside and prairie, with community pit-stops never more than a handful of miles apart. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Passes must be carried on person when using the trail in order to avoid a fine. Edgemont Trailhead is located approximately 1 mile from the Mickelson Trail, in Edgemont SD. Search the BikeMickelson. » $200. We rent three different types of e-bikes with hourly rates to fit your schedule and trail needs. com . 5 (405) Deadwood, South Dakota. Be sure to. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. 1 miles from the Mickelson Trail, in Edgemont SD. Learn about geology and human history along the way. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. $325. 5-mile out-and-back trail near Rapid City, South Dakota. Your Travel Timeline will show expected time of arrival at each location, travel time between locations, and a map of your trip in half-hour increments. These two routes converge back into the single trail about two miles north of Englewood. Authority (724) 463-8636 (814) 472-2110 Ghost Town Trail - Mileage Chart (approximate distances) Saylor Buena Rexis Twin Park Heshbon Vista Dilltown Wehrum Vintondale Rocks Nanty Glo EbensburgThis model has a range of distance depending completely on personal power usage, the rider’s weight, and the terrain of the path. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Generally considered a moderately challenging route, it takes an average of 36 h 26 min to complete. Mickelson Trail is a rail trail in the Black Hills region of South Dakota. Park at either Kirk Trail Head located 1. Map mile markers and distances are based on which route is selected above. This trailhead is on the "fantail" route, a loop that splits off from the main trail between Lead and Englewood. Hot Springs / SD. Business. The Great Allegheny Passage® offers 150 miles of spectacular biking and hiking from Cumberland, Md. Elevation range 3,450 to 6,300 feet during program. Rates in cents per mile. Edgemont Trailhead is located approximately 1 mile from the Mickelson Trail, in Edgemont SD. Directions: Located 1/2 mile east of the Highway 18 / Highway 89 intersection. Roughlock Falls Trail. X hide map. 75” map, showing both trails and hundreds of features. Near Deadwood - Sarah McGregor. The George S. Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Directions: Located in Harbach City Park (Custer) Show directions from Custer Trailhead to traveling. Mile marker 44. from. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. It enables you to map your walks and calculate the distances and elevation profiles of your routes. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. FEEDBACK! - Please let us know if you have suggestions, corrections, complaints, or ideas. 8 mi: 7 Rodeo St has 3 parks within 14. Registration packets and additional ride information will be distributed either Thursday night at Early Bird Check- In or on Friday morning. The Pacific Crest Trail stretches a length of 2,659 miles from Mexico to Canada through three states: California, Oregon and Washington. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Services available around Rochford include: Restaurant. 6: 5. -OR- Go west to Sugarloaf trailhead. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Mystic. Edgemont Campground. Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. See 1,176 traveler reviews, 206 candid photos, and. These two routes converge back into the single trail about two miles north of Englewood. Private Mickelson Trail Bike Tour. 1. We have incorporated the Rock Island Trail into the maps and mileage charts of this website, but you'll also find a website dedicated to the Rock Island Trail at BikeRockIsland. Many people get what are known as the “Virginia Blues” because it feels so endless. The trail is 106 miles long, and crosses some of the most beautiful country side in South Dakota. Length: 540. Local bike shops in Deadwood offer rentals to explore the George S. We took our time and while on the climb, we passed the half way point. There is a per person user fee for the Mickelson Trail with passes available at all trail heads. 00 registration (Includes Jersey) (through 3/31 at 11:59 PM US/Mountain) » $250. The trail is still undeveloped east of Windsor, but someday it will reach some 200 miles across the state to form a 450 mile loop with the Katy Trail. The George S. 5 miElevation gain 5,383 ftRoute type Point to point. com . Mickelson Trail ascends from Rochford to the Dumont trailhead ten miles north. Neligh NE. Tilden NE. Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Mickelson Trail. The trail follows the historic Burlington Northern Railroad line – abandoned in 1989 – from Deadwood to Edgemont – 114 miles altogether. As you can see in the elevation chart below, it is mostly a long gradual rise - or drop, depending on your direction. The Mickelson Trail menu Home Interactive Map Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Towns & Services Mileage Chart Search X hide menuNed fulmer prn ethnicelebsNed fulmer Cat marlow astrology : cheating energy in the natal chart (ned fulmer)Ned fulmer try ariel vandevoorde guy facts instantly married member got who fri aisha feb published. Park at either the Sugarloaf Trail Head located about one mile south of Lead on US-85 or at the Englewood Trail Head located six miles west of US-385 on Brownsville. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Dunn is known as "America’s Marathon Man," for his "marathon of marathons" when he ran Boston on 26 consecutive days, culminating in the 100th Boston, and his record of running 200 certified. Of all the wilderness in South Dakota’s Black Hills, no place amazes like Custer State Park. It features more than 100 converted railroad bridges and four rock tunnels. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Length: 76. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Uses: Walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing and equestrian. 146 6th Ave, Edgemont. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Nearly 700 markers are affixed to the pavement at 200- to 300-foot intervals along the Pinellas Trail from downtown St. usYough Mileage Chart. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. 4 mi: Terry Peak Black Hills. In fact it is so gradual that most of the Mickelson Trail actually looks and feels completely flat. Passes must be located on the person or the bicycle: trail users who are unable to show a trail pass will be subject to a fine. Home Interactive Map Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Towns & Services Mileage Chart Search X hide menu. Dreamed up over 25 years ago, this route will eventually be a. Banner Apartments For Rent. 1-mile out-and-back trail near Lead, South Dakota. Period. Access Info. Hermann is 2. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Length: 109 Miles Trail activities: Bike, Wheelchair Accessible, Horseback Riding, Mountain Biking, Snowmobiling, Walking, Cross Country Skiing Counties: Custer, Fall River,. South Main Street, Edgemont. The Mickelson Trail menu Home Interactive Map Trip Planner Timeline Mickelson Trail Forum Towns & Services Mileage Chart Search X hide menu— George S. These two routes converge back into the single trail about two miles north of Englewood. The Mickelson Trail is not hilly, but then neither is much of the countryside that it runs through. Michael jackson "the immortal world tour" by cirque du soleilMichael jackson one by cirque du soleil las vegas Cirque du soleil drawn to life at disney springsCirque soleil seating du chart la nouba disney map orlando springs downtown theatre section ticket row wdwinfo show drawn life. It crosses four major cities, lots of quaint towns and miles of pastoral countryside. Trail island rock map kansas katy city routes area missouri western almost maps kc end connections anywhere connectWarning : use of undefined constant right Rock island trailTrail rock island katy. 5-mile out-and-back trail near Pringle, South Dakota. Click any town name in the mileage chart to highlight the distances for that town. C. Mickelson Trail Adventures, located in Hill City SD, offers Bike Rental and Shuttle services to Mickelson Trail travelers. Mickelson Trail The Mickelson Trail was originally the Burlington Northern line that carried trains from Edgemont to the northern Black Hills and the gold mines of the Deadwood area. Our first pick up is 7 a. com is an online map-basedroute planner for sports people. George S. Nearest Town: Bruce. 605-662-7365. Cycle a few miles or all 360! The Erie Canalway Trail between Albany and Buffalo is 87-percent off road and suitable for all ages and abilities. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. 5. The Mickelson Trail is 109 miles long and runs from Edgemont to Deadwood South Dakota. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. 471 (Edgemont) Trail surfaces: Crushed Stone Trail category: Rail-Trail ID: 6017153. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. Your input is valued and appreciated - thanks in advance!. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Level: 1. The paralleling Mickelson Trail (a bike trail) is very popular and outfitters offering shuttles for. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Mystic, SD is a town on the Mickelson Trail at mile marker 74. Timeline. 1948 2nd Ave, Edgemont. Our day 2 plan was to go from Hill City to Edgemont, 60 miles away, We were both pretty sore starting out and we knew the first 10 miles were going to be the hardest with a 1000 ft climb up to Crazy Horse. This scenic 326 mile trail links the Ohio River to Lake Erie, mostly on rail trails and canal paths. The majority of the trail. We have incorporated the Rock Island Trail into the maps and mileage charts of this website, but you'll also find a website dedicated to the Rock Island Trail at BikeRockIsland. But it was Dan and Pat at Mickelson Trail Adventures who made it all come to life! We rode the entire trail over 4 days, renting our bikes and. List Towns: East to West West to East. the hospital (Deadwood) to E Street user. It now serves handmade burgers accompanied by cold beer to those riding the Mickelson trail and others cruising the area on Harley Davidsons. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Mickelson Trail is more than just a recreation Trail—it is a trail of history. The trail is still undeveloped east of Windsor, but someday it will reach some 200 miles across the state to form a 450 mile loop with the Katy Trail. Fees: Using the trail requires a. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Mickelson Trail; Llewellyn Johns Recreation Area; Outdoor Campus - Rapid City; Rocky Point Recreation Area; Shadehill Recreation Area;. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles. Directions: 7 miles north and 3 miles west of Volga, SD, off US Highway 14. Parking, Water, Restroom, Trail Pass. Map Route: Mickelson Trail main route Mickelson with Sugarloaf fantail route Just south of Lead, 11 miles from the trail's northern end, the trail splits into two routes for a few miles.  It was South Dakota’s first rails to trails project and the first 6 miles were dedicated in 1991. Mickelson Trail Elevation. This mileage calculator estimates the number of driving miles between two locations in the United States. 1. 0. Select the route to use for distance measurements: Route: Mickelson Trail main route. The above map only includes the Erie Canalway,. Mickelson Trail is 109 miles long. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. 1 7 . Ste A • Custer, SD. Day 3: Following Custer, ride to the Crazy Horse Memorial statue and into Hill City, home of the South Dakota State Railroad Museum. Below are the GPS latitude and longitude values for the main. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. 1. Map mile markers and distances are based on which route is selected above. 5” of the Mickelson rail-trail in Custer. Mickelson Trail Mileage Chart . Kirk Trailhead: MP 105. George S Mickelson Trail: South Leg. There is a per person user fee for the Mickelson Trail with passes available at all trail heads. It provides handy maps, photographs and complete descriptions of distinctive features along the way. The western option "fantail loop" includes the Sugarloaf trailhead, and is about two miles longer than the eastern option. There are no services available in. Services available around Pringle include: Restaurant, Point of Interest, Parking, Water, Restroom, Trail Pass.