(2 pts) Which of the following is not an indication of liquid water beneath Europa's icy surface? (a) the moon's changing magnetic. Click the card to flip 👆. a subsurface ocean of water because large impacts will break the thin crust causing water and slushy ice below to flood out and. docxFind an answer to your question The amount of heat that Io is generating (per kg) due to tidal heating is _____ the amount of heat the Earth is generating (per. chapter 11. Is farther from Jupiter. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Some jovian planets give off more energy than they receive because of: ongoing contraction differention Io experiences tide heating primarily because. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Io experiences tidal heating primarily because. option D What is Tidal heating? By tidal. Total views 100+ Stevens Institute Of. Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io because it is farther from Jupiter. Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. In order to under-stand the evolution of any of the moons, we must inves-tigate all of them. the material in the rings is hot and creates its own light. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Based on current evidence, the elements needed for life are found, how does the strength of sunlight (per unit area) depend on distance from the sun, what are three advantages for water over methane, ethane and ammonia as a potential liquid medium for life and more. Compare that with Io's mean radius of 1821. Suppose that future observations. Neither could erosional processes bury a continent on the time scale of human civilization. The tidal bulge even changes direction slightly because the orbital speed varies. Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. Europa. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter ---the strength of tiday force depends on Io's distance from Jupiter, so the tidal force varies as Io moves around its elliptical orbit. Orbital and rotational energy are dissipated as heat in the crust of the moon. Because of Europa’s location between Io and the more massive Ganymede, it also undergoes this same Thus (tidal force on Europa)/(tidal force on Io) = (Io orbital radius) 3 /(Europa orbital radius) 3 = 421. 2. it is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily. Tidal Heating is explored as the mechanism responsible for volcanism on Jupiter's Moon Io. In the bottom case, tidal heating occurs at shallower depths, in its asthenosphere, resulting in the majority of Io’s. C. is farther from Jupiter Feedback: It is Jupiter's gravity that exerts the primary tidal force on the Galilean moons, and both this force and the difference in this force across a moon (the source of tidal heating) weaken with distance from Jupiter. We now know of many Jupiter-size planets around other stars. answer. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. is farther from Jupiter. Tidal heating. Claudio Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Io can help us understand volcanism and tidal heating throughout the Solar System. School Virginia Tech; Course Title PHYS 1055; Type. This friction generates the heat that is responsible for making Io the most active volcanic place in the solar system! The process by which this occurs is known as tidal heating. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Monsoon winds occur because of differential heating between the land and the sea. Part A Io experiences tidal heating primarily because Hint 1 What is the from AST 111 at Arizona State University. c-visible light. is farther from Jupiter. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. 45 W m (Lainey et al. The tidal force varies. . However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because_____ a . 3. However, this is complicated by the sheer complexity of Io’s geology, coupled with the lack of complete data. (Note: the amount of tidal heating as a result of this force depends on other factors such as the amount of forced eccentricity and the body's internal properties. B. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Part d orbital resonance also gives europa an. AST FINAL CH 8. io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on io to vary as it orbits jupiter. We now know of many Jupiter-size planets around other stars. Suppose that future observations show that. d) its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. 5 times the other, we would say that. In a complex kind of modern dance, the large moons of Jupiter are caught in the varying gravity grip of both the giant planet and each other. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io has a similar mass and size as the Moon, but Io is the most geologically active body in the Solar System. Io's. Io has a similar mass and size as the Moon, but Io is the most geologically active body in the Solar System. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as io orbits jupiter. (b)Spacecraft images show fountains of ice spraying into space from Saturn's moon_____. active volcanoes on Io is farther from Jupiter 51 terms AST 111 exam 1 Sirola what shape is Scorpius what is Scorpius heart and brightest What shape is csmart1997 DavidPratt512 karleymarieStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like radiation with a spectrum whose shape depends only on the temperature of the emitting object, a shorter average wavelength, (1) heat deposited by the process of formation; (2) heat released by radioactive decay and more. , Based on the leading scientific theory of solar system. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. PROBLEM1 ThefollowingimagesshowEarthandthefourjovianplanetsofoursolarsystemRank from ASTRONOMY 120 at Nonesuch School. This. A planet or moon that could support life, if any life happened to be on it. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force onIo to vary as it orbits Jupiter. 1. Jupiter. View full document. We now know of many Jupiter-size planets around other stars. Europa-have lower melting point than rocky moons like Earth's Moon. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. )Explanation: Io, one of Jupiter's moons, experiences tidal heating primarily due to the intense gravitational pull of Jupiter. Part A Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. and more. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Active volcanoes on Io D. (2 pts) Io is covered in volcanoes while Europa is covered in ice because (a) Io is larger than Europa; (b) Io receives much more sunlight than Europa; (c) Io is subject to stronger tidal heating than Europa. What are the key factors of Earth's long-term habitability? From Part A, Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. The four largest moons of Jupiter in order of distance from Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Tidal heating of Io (also known as tidal working) occurs through the tidal friction processes between Jupiter and its moon. TRUE . it is farther from Jupiter Students also viewed. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. ). d) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Based on current evidence, the elements needed for life are found, how does the strength of sunlight (per unit area) depend on distance from the sun, what are three advantages for water over methane, ethane and ammonia as a potential liquid medium for life and more. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. It has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere b. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Download the Android app. C. a) Io is located very close to Jupiter b) Io is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily c) Io has an unusually elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere d) Io’s elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits JupiterStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The larger of the jovian moons compared to Mercury and Mars, What do we mean when we say that a moon is in synchronous rotation?, Io's main distinction and more. Problem Set 10. io is located very close to jupiter. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The planet in our solar system with the highest average surface temperature is _____. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Saturn's rings look bright because __________. c-dark because X-ray light does not reach Earth's surface. It is strongest when. Why is Io more volcanically active than our moon?. hints io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. . Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io (/ ˈ aɪ. This elliptical orbit, in turn, is a result of the orbital resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. The major heating source of Earth an…Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. io is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily. This caused its core convection to stop, shutting off its magnetic field. hints io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. is farther from Jupiter . Prelecture Video Tidal Heating Learning Goal To understand how we use the theory from PHYS 112 at University of Illinois, Chicago. Io is made of relatively soft materials thatdeform quite easilyIo has an unusually elongated shape that This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. This can be because of the tidal heating that occurred when the moon was captured. it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. d) its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. [{“question”:”Which statement about Io is true?”,”answer”:”It is the most volcanically active body in our solar system. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. io has an elongated shape that makes it look. How do we know that the surfaces of the inner Galilean moons of Jupiter are younger than those of the outer moons? A. What moon is the most volcanically active. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Why do jovian planets bulge around the equator, that is, have a "squashed" appearance?, How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?, How does. Which one is most important in explaining the tremendous tidal heating that occurs on Io? Click the card to flip 👆. a) it is located very close to Jupiter. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e. The inner moons have few or no. . (The strength of the tidal force depends on Io's distance from Jupiter, so the tidal force varies as Io moves around its elliptical orbit. The tidal force varies. This elliptical orbit, in turn, is a result of the orbital resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Suppose that future observations. Tidal heating results in part from a tension between the tidal forces exerted by the planet that tends to pull a moon out of round and the moon's self-gravitational force that tends to pull a moon into a roundish shape. It is strongest when Io is farthest from Jupiter and weakest when Io is closest to Jupiter. - heavily cratered terrain adjacent to fairly smooth terrain. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Tidal heating is a phenomenon that occurs when the gravitational pull of a nearby massive object, such as a planet or moon, causes tidal forces on a celestial body. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because __________. a. (The strength of the tidal force depends on Io's distance from Jupiter, so the tidal force varies as Io moves around its elliptical orbit. Log in Join. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. From Part A, Io's. The Earth and Moon also experience tidal deformation as the Moon orbits Earth, but the heat released is not significant for. Orbital resonance also gives Europa an elliptical orbit, so it. Io. Explanation: Lo, one of Jupiter's largest moons, experiences tidal heating primarily because of its. Contours of tidal heating [W] in a two-layer Io as a function of viscosity (η) and shear modulus (μ) of the mantle. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Well, hotter than they should be, for being so far from the sun. Which of the following represent these four major features?, Consider the first feature of our solar system, which concerns the idea that large bodies in the. a group of end users of products. This can be. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. , Saturn's rings look bright because _____. c) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. 4. Tidal heating (also known as tidal working or tidal flexing) occurs through the tidal friction processes: orbital and rotational energy is dissipated as heat in either (or both) the surface ocean or interior of a planet or satellite. However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. b) its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Homework Help. Suppose that future observations. The tidal force varies. is farther from Jupiter b. Question: Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. a. B. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like This is not plausible. This is caused by the heating mechanism of Io. Students. 2FortisBC uses the term renewable and low-carbon gas to refer collectively to the low-carbon gases or fuels that the utility can acquire under the Greenhouse Gas. - Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. This leads to gravitational flexing or kneading in their centers, which can heat them—an effect called tidal heating. This process is also facilitated by Io's elliptical orbit which varies the gravitational forces acting on it during its orbit around Jupiter. Terms in this set (49) Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Identified Q&As 100+ Solutions available. Orbital and rotational energy are dissipated as heat in the crust of the moon. C) Io exhibits synchronous rotation, meaning that its rotation period and orbital period are the same. in Physics & Space Science. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Verified answer. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because. We now know of many Jupiter-size planets around other stars. Io experiences strong internal tidal heating because of. This elliptical orbit, in turn, is a result of the orbital resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. As you learned in Part A, Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. is more perfectly spherical in shape d. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. This elliptical orbit, in turn, is a result of the orbital resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. The tidal bulgeeven changes direction slightly because the orbital speed varies. However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. lots of individual particles of ice and rock. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Answer: A. Study ! Elementary Astronomy FINAL flashcards. c) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what are the two types of planets?, Name the terrestrial planets, what are the terrestrial planets like and more. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because. However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. Refined Petroleum Products. is farther than jupiter. Expert Help. Solutions available. The tidal bulge even changes direction slightly,. All orbiting object cause tides on each other. Part AIo experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter --- the strength of tiday force depends on Io's distance from Jupiter, so the tidal force varies as Io moves around its elliptical orbit. Io is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily. The major heating source of Earth and. School Virginia Tech; Course Title PHYS 1055; Type. it is located very close to Jupiter. This can be because of the tidal heating that occurred when the moon was captured. As you saw in Part A, Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. Plates move only a few centimeters per year, so a continent could not be subducted in a few thousand years. Saturn's rings look bright because _____. Click the card to flip. View full document. B) Io is the closest to Jupiter of Jupiter's large moons. part C Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, make Earth warmer than it would be otherwise because these gases _____. This elliptical orbit, in turn, is a result of the orbital resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. This orbital resonance causes Io to have a more elliptical orbit than it would. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Tidal heating is responsible for the geologic activity of the most volcanically active body in the Solar System: Io, a moon of Jupiter. Io's elliptical orbit. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Can you identify a trend in jovian planet densities with mass or distance from the Sun?, Which of. Its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. This friction generates the heat that is responsible for making Io the most active volcanic place in the solar system! The process by which this occurs is known as tidal heating. ← Io Experiences Tidal Heating Primarily Because _____. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because ___ Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. This leads to gravitational flexing or kneading in their centers, which can heat them—an effect called tidal heating. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. light from the Sun reflects off the material in the rings. The largest moon in the solar system is. Part A. Orbital and rotational energy are dissipated as heat in the crust of the moon. Rank these planets from left to right based on their mass, from lowest to highest. Suppose that future. , Atmospheric characteristics of all four jovian planets, Jovian storms are: and more. Io experiences strong tidal heating primarily because:-Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits JupiterStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like , What is the most geologically active world we know of in the solar system?, What is Pluto's current classification and more. The major heating source of Earth and the Moon is radioactive heating, but the heating source on Io is tidal heating. When it’s farther from Jupiter, the tidal effect is weaker and Io is more spherical. , The jovian planets in our solar system are _____. Io’s volcanoes are thought to be fueled by tidal heating, a stretching-and-squeezing process whereby gravitational forces treat the inside of Io like a stress ball as the moon swings around Jupiter. c) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter From Part A, Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. c) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. Io experiences strong, periodic, gravitational tides from Jupiter because of its close distance to the planet and its elliptic orbit. d) its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on io to vary as it orbits jupiter. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If Earth were twice as far from the Sun, the force of gravity attracting Earth to the Sun would be, Compared to their values on Earth, on another planet your, Which person is weightless? and more. ). Upload to Study. contains much more ice. a. View full documentStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements about the moons of the jovian planets is NOT true?, 1. It has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere b. chapter 8 flashcards. , In what part of the solar system is Pluto found?, Where are most of the known asteroids found? and more. 4. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because __________. PROBLEM1 ThefollowingimagesshowEarthandthefourjovianplanetsofoursolarsystemRank from ASTRONOMY 120 at Nonesuch School. Io has an unusually elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere Io is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter Io is located very close to Jupiter Correct The strength of the tidal force depends on Io's distance. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter Part A Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. This orbital resonance causes Io to have a more elliptical orbit than it would otherwise, because _____. Europa's heat flux is less well known but likely between 0. Launch the video below, then answer the following questions. Why are Saturn's rings so thin?. Click the card to flip 👆. Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. oʊ /), or Jupiter I, is the innermost and third-largest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. Identified Q&As 69. The most familiar example. Io is closest to Jupiter and weakest when Io is farthest from Jupiter. d) its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Space and Astronomy. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Question: Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. internal friction in the moon’s structure. It is strongest when Io is farthest from Jupiter and weakest when Io is closest to Jupiter. ragan_wilson3. c) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. We now know of many Jupiter-size planets around other stars. The distance from Jupiter to Iot is approximately 422,000 kilometers. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like For the purposes of seeking a theory to explain the formation of the solar system, we identify four major features of our solar system. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. a. in Physics & Space Science. Based on this diagram, "red sequence" galaxies are __________ than "blue cloud" galaxies. The tidal bulge even changes direction slightly. 77 Earth -days to orbit Jupiter. It is located very close to Jupiter d. c) it has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphere. is farther from Jupiter It is Jupiter's gravity that exerts the primary tidal force on the Galilean moons, and both this force and the difference in this force across a moon (the source of tidal heating) weaken with distance from Jupiter. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Identify the statements that correctly describe the characteristics of storm systems on Jupiter. Why is Io's orbit about Jupiter slightly elliptical? because of orbital resonances with the other three Galilean moons. However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. c. But apparent brightness follows an inverse square law with distance, so the fact that Star A is twice as far away makes it 2 2 = 4 times dimmer. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Question: As you saw in Part A, Io’s elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. a. Likewise, each body also experiences a tidal force due to gravity. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. Satellite deformation in response to forcing by gravita-tional tides depends on its interior structure. io is located very close to jupiter. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Io has an unusually elongated shape that makesit look more like an egg than a sphere, 3. A dramatic increase in convective heat flux occurs above the solidus,Tidal Heating in Io INTRODUCTION The deformation of an object in response to an external time-varying force generates frictional energy that heats its interior. The trick to tidal heating is a phenomenon called tidal resonance. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because. This orbital resonance causes Io to have a more. Tidal Heating. Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. Click the card to flip 👆. On Jupiter, the larger the storm, the longer it can last. (A. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because __________. Io is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter Io is located very close to Jupiter Io has an unusually elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg than a sphereIo experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Expert Help. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which jovian planet should have the most extreme seasonal changes?, Why is the radiation so intense in the region that traces Io's orbit around Jupiter (the Io torus)?, How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat? and more. Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. 8 days!) Io is being stretched – by as much as 330 feet! – then allowed to relax back to a less distorted shape. This orbital resonance causes Io to have a more. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. When it’s farther from Jupiter, the tidal effect is weaker and Io is more spherical. ← Io Experiences Tidal Heating Primarily Because _____. The tidal force varies. As you saw in Part A, Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. TRUE. ) Tidal heating is stronger for Io than for Europa because ________. b) it is made of relatively soft materials that deform quite easily. io is located very close to jupiter. io has an elongated shape that makes it look more like an egg. Pages 40. Io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter Io's elliptical orbit is a result of the orbital resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. A tidal force results from the unequal gravitational pull on two sides of a body. Start studying CAPA (chapter 11). io is located very close to jupiter. Ganymede . However, Europa experiences less tidal heating than Io, because Europa _____ than Io. This orbital resonance causes Io to have a more elliptical orbit than it would otherwise, because _____. B. B. As you saw in Part A, Io's elliptical orbit is. The jovian moon with the most geologically active surface is. D. 37 terms. Io's elliptical orbit is necessary to its tidal heating. Part A - Io experiences tidal heating primarily because _____. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like According to our theory of solar system formation, why did Uranus and Neptune end up to be much less massive than Jupiter and Saturn?, Which of the following most likely explains why Jupiter's interior releases so much heat?, What would happen to Jupiter if we could somehow double its. Io is located very close to Jupiter. Pages 20. d-infrared light. Answer: Io’s elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. A planet or moon that could support life, if any life happened to be on it. Io experiences strong tidal heating primarily because _____. [{“question”:”Io experiences tidal heating primarily because __________. io's elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on io to vary as it orbits jupiter. its elliptical orbit causes the tidal force to vary as Io orbits Jupiter. Earth, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter.