The Mayan ball game goes back 3,500 years, making it the first organized game in the history of sports. However, the essence of the game. The first of these sheets contains a fact sheet about Pok-ta-Pok that students can read and learn from. The players were given a target and a round, hard rubber ball to aim for; they were expected to hit it as far as they could. The “sacred ball game” is thought to symbolize the struggle between life and death and between darkness and the light. The objective was to get a small, hard rubber ball through a hoop anywhere from 2. In Mesoamerican. Browse 10+ pok a tok stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Tags. Add an answer. There’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, as there are. 4 1,082,954 votes. The Mesoamerican ballgame is known by a wide variety of names. Ulama (game) Sinaloan ulama player in action. Each important site had a ball court that was typically located in a ceremonial centre. It is their most famous game, which is thought to have been invented around 2000 BCE. Your message. Our Blog. In this game, the teams battled with another one. Reply to: Pok-A-Tok Demonstration. File previews. Although it was played by people from all levels of Maya society for fun, Pok-A-Tok was also used as a way to settle conflicts between warring groups and noblemen. The platforms around it were for the governors and priest to watch the game. My brother gets ready after me. Some games allow you to modify the environment and balance your vehicle with a simple press of the arrow keys. Conjugation. This Pok-ta-Pok Maya game resource contains two PDF sheets which can be printed on A4 paper. The ball court, at the base of the temple, represented the underworld, constructed with a sunken shape that eluded the Xibalba. Pok-A-Tok: The Maya Ball Game. See answer (1) Best Answer. After the tale of how maize beings were created by the gods of the sky and sea, the Popol Vuh uses metaphors to perform the story about the hero twins, Hunapu and. Pokémon Café ReMix. Xcaret - Pok-ta-Pok - Mayan ball game. Players would hit the rubber ball with a bat like in baseball. Pok-A-Tok was often played by prisoners of war, and the members of the losing team were offered as sacrificed to the gods. Also, the Mayan people would worship the maze good and they would. Similar Games See all. Pok-A-Tok games would go on without interruption for long periods of time, often for days. Home. [QuarkXPress (. The Mayan civilization began as early as 2000 B. Pok-a-tok was an ancient Mayan and Aztec ball game. Crise, Chade, Egito e Nigéria participarão. RM 2NEBDB8 – Infographics on ballgame in Maya society, its rules and ceremonial and religious beliefs. The correct option that completes the sentence is: could face horrible consequences if they lost. Study now. io, a fantastic website designed for kids playing games in school. MegaSpel erbjuder dig alla de bästa onlinespelen och de mest populära kategorierna, som matlagningsspel, fotbollsspel och klä på spel samt spel som är baserade på dina favoritfilmer eller TV-shower, som Adventure Time spel, Insidan ut spel och Minion spel. Pok-a-Tok, also known as Pitz, is an ancient Mayan ball game that originated over 3,000 years ago. Watch: Maya ball games Play 01:21 Video Transcript What do we know about pitz? One of the many things the ancient Maya are remembered for is their ball game, which they. "In the lesson, Yatzil shared that the Maya could not use their hands in the pok-a-tok game. "The Mayan Ball Game: A Deadly Sport. Maya Civilisation Quiz 5. Like all Mesoamerican cultures, the Maya believed in cyclical time, including periodic cosmic destruction and renovation, called the "ages of the world. Based on the text, what is a. Mesoamerican ballgame: pok a tok mayan ball game. Developers Genres. The Maya central city area was built for religous reasons. What was the penalty for losing at Pok-A-Tok? Or make the game more challenging by only using your feet, legs, and head. Pok Pok is a low-stimulation app for kids 2-7 filled with Montessori-inspired digital toys that offer a calmer way to learn through screen time play. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Like cricket (and quidditch), games could go on for a long time—hours and sometimes days. The Great Ball Court at Chichen Itza is the largest playing field in Mesoamerica. You can't use your hands. This resource contains lots of colourful illustrations and fascinating facts that make the topic engaging for students. It is no longer played in the Maya today. The Ball Game, called pok-a-tok, was sacred to the Maya. May 8, 2006 by languagehat 20 Comments. Sacred songs were sung and played. 0 (2 reviews) How do you play the game. And there’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, too, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. The ball had to be kept in constant. Copy. If there were two players in a team, they assisted each other. New Pokémon Snap. Players tried to hit a rubber ball through a stone hoop. The penalty for losing a game was. Pok-a-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Mayans over 1000 years ago. ). TS+MO says: February 1, 2018 at 2:10 pmMoved Permanently. Write a paragraph (6-8 sentences) in English in which you compare and contrast your life to Maarit's life. The walls are inclined and serve as part of the game’s challenge. Go full throttle and burn asphalt as you dodge and pass your opponents, activate nitro to accelerate even more, and do what it takes to win the race! You can collect money by completing missions, and. Some of our car games can also be played on the mobile. Death. 4. . In the midst of the event, I witnessed a Guatemalan group playing pok-ta-pok—an ancient Maya ball game and ritual played. Flashcards; Test; Learn; Solutions; Q-Chat: AI Tutor; Spaced Repetition; Modern Learning Lab;The best croupiers can also apply to officiate at other games, always use the cash you win wisely to be able to play more baccarat games. A regular game would last numerous weeks as it had paused. Pokémon UNITE. cenotes around merida 24 October 2023. Based on the text, a common Maya practice in Maarit's community is Pok-a-tok. If there were two players in a team, they assisted each other. The opposing teams will then face each other across the divide. Fun educational games for kids. Lost Fragment - Unreal Engine 5 Gameplay. Terlebih lagi, sumber yang dipulihkan menunjukkan bahwa pemimpin pihak yang kalah (dan. Pok A Tok. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. 1. To mark boundaries. The most beautiful, calming app for kids 2-7 years-old. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. *Apple Design Award Winner*. As far back as 1600 BC, a game the Mayans called Pok a Tok and the Aztecs called Tlachtli was played throughout Central and Northern South America. The Yucatec Mayan language is still spoken by the elders, but my friends and I know just a few words. If you are teaching a lesson about the Ancient. You can't use your hands. This multiplayer game let's you play the classic Pictionary game against players all over the world. The game was most popular in mexico, The game was created by the mayans, It is very rare if a mayan city dose not poses a court for this sport, The game has been. The. adrian_knight. The. The Pok ta Pok game can be seen in front of the Cathedral from 8-9pm on Saturdays. Written By Na'atik Mexico. ⚔️ Sword Fights on the Heights IV. Pok a tok Stock Photos and Images. The ball court was one of the first things built when the Aztecs settled a new area, making it the most important of the ancient Aztec games. The reading covers temples, polytheism, sacrifice, pok-a-tok, and calendars. This game was inspired by Pok-a-tok Mayan ball game. When a terrible drought is predicted, a young ball player challenges the rain god to a game of pok-a-tok, hoping to win the rain and save his people. Is punt on Explain: Hello friends! My name is Julieta. Subjects. C. - You can press the left mouse button to add more force to the ball. Explore the unique sport involving a rubber ball, where players used their. pptx, 3. If you are playing by yourself, you will only need. Try it FREE with your little one today! My quest to revive an ancient Maya ball game in Belize. 02 In the lesson, Yatzil shared that the Maya could not use their in the pok-a- tok game. Girls can't play. This game was inspired by Pok-a-tok Mayan ball game. Choose the option with the correct word or phrase that completes the sentence. - Once the ball triggers through the hole 5 times on either side it will switch to the screen of whoever won (Left side is the. . After school I practice pok-a-tok. Definition: A ritual ball game of the Maya, versions of which are found throughout Mesoamerica. The sport was soccer and basketball combined. No TOC. qxp); 6188x3921]. Do you want toward. There are 2 teams, 3-5 players on each team. Millennial Pok Ta Pok. They played with a 6 pound ball. RF 2AP6EG6 – Ancient Mayan carvings of Pok-a-Tok ball players on the wall of the game court (juego de pelota) at Chichen Itza dated 864 AD. My brother shaves his face and puts on cologne before he eats breakfast. Do you want to have a go to playing an Ancient. Today, the men of EkBalam play it as a sport. 1000000000000000000000 and 3. Translate Pok-a-tok. Based on my research it appears. Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztecs, the Mayans, and the Olmecs participated in a ball game similar to basketball. Learn to code and make your own app or game in minutes. What do you call the Mayan ball game that you play with heavy pads, and without the use of your hands?. Despite being almost 4,000 years ago, there is a surprising amount of historical evidence for this game. 800–c. KARINA ALEMAN [en] Vyera [en] Last updated November 13, 2023. Pok-A-Tok games were often played as parts of religous ceremonies. You can't use your hands. " The previous games were held in Chichen Itza, Mexico, in 2015, Guatemala in 2017 and El Salvador in 2019. Ces jeux ne sont jouables que sur Poki. The rules of Pok-A-Tok varied depending on where in Mesoamerica you were and in what era the game was being played. Children will then look at Maya addition and subtraction with examples and quizzes. Pok-A-Tok is a ball game that was played by the Mayans of Central America. Religious leaders attended, as did most chieftains and other government leaders. For the Maya people, the ball represented the Sun, the Moon, or planets and the court was the cosmos. Pok-A-Tok is like a cross between soccer and basketball—except much, much more difficult to play. . chest hands thighs hips 01. Through a tough trial and a exciting game, someone wins. It was an extension of their religion, and involved a great deal of ceremony. It was a popular sporting event during the Mayan times throughout Mesoamerica. Follow. kita main yuran rm50 pulok di Kolam Kesom dengan Juara RM 10 RIBU 🫡🔥. It is very helpful. . Pokémon GO is the global gaming sensation that has been downloaded over 1 billion times and named “Best Mobile Game” by the Game Developers Choice Awards and “Best App of the Year” by TechCrunch. Choose from tons of different maps for the setting of our fight and be prepared to arm yourself. To the Mayans, the game was known as Pok a Tok, to the Aztec it was Tlachtli, while nowadays most people refer to it as Ulama. It was invented in 2000 BCE. This shows the different aspects in laying an ancient Mayan ball game. The object of the game was to knock a rubber ball through a stone ring, using only the hips, knees, and elbows. They played with a 6 pound ball. Pok a Tok was a fast-paced ball game played by the Mayas. 10 Sec. This lesson works well when teaching social structure, religion or leisure in the Mayan civilisation. This was a way that reminded people of the battle and legends that the ancient Mayans fought. Print it Color Online. Like this vide. Perfect for a special PE lesson! #Maya #PE. In the lesson, Yatzil shared that the Maya could not use their _____ in the pok-a-tok game. The Maya ball game was extremely physical in nature. Imagine trying to play Pok-A-Tok like the Maya did, with a heavy rubber ball and a 30-foot-high ring—and remember the penalty for losing in ancient Mayan culture was death!11 ounces. The ball game was a ceremony dedicated to the memory of the ancestors and linked to agriculture and calendar cycles. Like this vide. This Pok-ta-Pok Maya game resource contains two PDF sheets which can be printed on A4 paper. In the video Un Día en la Vida: Xcanatún, México, you learned about Maarit's daily life. The Maya ball game was called Pok-A-Tok. But there were a few concrete rules that. Inspired by your living room floor filled with toys, Pok Pok is a digital playroom full of creative activities that have kids learning, exploring and experimenting through play. variables, basic math, simple variables, delays, simple conditionals, advanced math, miscellaneous, functions, simple loops, conditional loops,The Mesoamerican Mayan ball game was played, experts think, by all the cultures in the region, beginning with the Olmecs who may have invented it. Step into the arena and get ready for an all out battle. How do you play pok-ta-pok instructions? Objective of the game The aim of the game is to score points by bouncing the ball into the opponent’s end zone, or when the opposing team fails to return the ball after the second bounce. The games are easy to control and fun for all kinds of players. Imagine trying to play Pok-A-Tok like the Maya did, with a heavy rubber ball and a 30-foot-high ring—and remember the penalty for losing in ancient Mayan culture was death!Answer 1 of 2: Do they still have the PoK-A-Tok games on Friday evenings in Merida? If so any tips or doe we need tickets? Merida. Inspired by your living room floor filled with toys, Pok Pok is a digital playroom full of creative activities that have kids learning, exploring and experimenting through play. Show answers. The higher the target, the more. Find an answer to your question 01. tacing copy of photography work. Tennis, golf etc 27 October 2023. POK-TA-POK. The game consists of 2 teams usually formed by one or two individuals who would try to cross a rubber ball through a hoop that was located 20 feet above the ground. The Maya ball game was called Pok-A-Tok. Almost every Mayan city had a ballcourt to play the ball game Pok-A-Tok. Pok -ta- Pok: Game of the Maya Fact File and Activity KS2 5. In English, it is often called pok-ta-pok (or pok-a-tok). 02 In the lesson, Yatzil shared that the Maya could not use their in the pok-a- tok game. Mayan ball games originated in the Olmec culture and spread to other cultures in Mesoamerica. The object is to get the ball to pass through rings. At heights of 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 metres), a stone ring through which the ball was to be thrown was set into the wall, in a game known as pok-a-tok or. In ancient Mayan lore, the world of the living was directly connected to the underworld: Xibalba. You will required: 2 circular, stone hoops; 3 discs or mark; 1 deathly globule (50cm in diameter) 2 knee pads; A chapeau a optional; 1 protector bonnet, called a yolk; Top Tip: Keep DO NOT use your hands or feet!Bibliography Pok-A-Tok: A Game of Mysteries "Pok-A-Tok: The Sacred Ball Game of the Ancient Maya. It was played on an odd shaped field. If the stone rings are. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This resource contains lots of colourful illustrations and fascinating facts that make the topic engaging for students. The ball was made. Ancient Origins articles related to Pok a Tok in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. Tribute. Learn more. Hence, the statement is not true about "pok-a-tok" is that anyone in Mayan culture could play. It wasn't real hard to keep score, since it took so long to get the ball through the stone hoop. mypapalote. Players would hit the rubber ball with a bat like in baseball. The Maya played this game, but they couldn't use their hands or their feet. Pok-A-Tok is a fast-paced ball game played by the Maya of Central America. They could use their forearms and thighs to pass and hit the ball. Pok-A-Tok was played since at least 1,400 BC by the pre-Columbian peoples of ancient Mesoamerica. Mesoamerican ballgame: pok a tok mayan ball game. 2. including a team captain. These games could go on for days. The game was a combination of soccer, volleyball, and basketball. Can you figure out the main rules?A great take on a Mayan folktale where a young man who is a pok a tok player, is frustrated by a drought caused by the Choc, the god of rain. Playing pok-a-tok lives a fun, exiting game with a few easy rules. " Social Studies for Kids, n. How did the Mayan's look when they played the ball game. It is so. There were 600 pok-a-tok courts found in Mexico alone, but. It was a very difficult game played with a large rubber. 3. Pok-A-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Maya well over 1000 years ago in what’s now Cancun and Riviera Maya. It was a game that involved soccer, basketball, and racket ball put together. In this episode we are going to make a Mayan Ballgame Court for our jungle village. The goal of this sport with connotations rituals it was to. The opposing teams will then face. Pok-A-Tok was played in teams of one or two players in every major Mayan city. Show full text. I wash my hair and dry my hair on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. Ball games were important to the ancient Mayans and other Middle American peoples, and almost all Mayan cities had ball courts—rectangular areas enclosed by tiers of seats for spectators. I chose this article because it combines sport with Mayan religion which was part of every Mayan’s life. Key Stage: Key Stage 2. Get into two teams of 5. By the light of the moon, with the resounding blow of the shell horns and intense aroma of incense and copal, dozens of people gather to watch one of the most ancient religious rituals of the mystic Maya world: Pok Ta Pok. For the Maya, Pok-A-Tok was more than just a challenging game. Merida Christmas Day 29 October 2023. In the lesson, Yatzil shared that the Maya could not use their _____ in the pok-a-tok game. How did the Mayan's look when they played the ball game. 7 (15 reviews) 1 Week Maya Civilization Themed Morning Activities UKS2 5. what is pok ta pok, Sometimes referred to as Mayan. x. Pok-A-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Maya well over 1000 years ago in what's now Cancun and Riviera Maya. Pok-A-Tok wasn’t just a game. All your actions through Instadebit are password protected, there are no walls or ceiling – there is…Pokémon Legends: Arceus. This can be used as classwork, homework, or a supplement used for a substitute. This article explains the game and also describes how rubber balls were made. What happens to the winners of Pok-A-Tok? The winner (yes, winner!) of the game was sacrificed, which was then the highest honor bestowed on a Mayan player. The Maya saw it as a metaphor for the Cosmos – the movement of the ball across the field reminded them of the movement of planets in. ”. That is why the ball game continues to be a ceremony for us. Imagine if the loser of a football match today was sacrificed? This was a common occurrence in the Mayan time for the players of a ball. the objective of the game was to get a. Get notified by e-mail when a reply is posted. Pok-a-tok is a kind of soccer and a kind of basketball game. Naniniwala ang mga istoryador na ang larong kilala bilang Pok-a-tok ay isinilang sa tropiko ng Mesoamerica maagang 1. Follow these step-by-step instructions to find out instructions to start. The object of the game was to get the ball into the hoops on either sides of the ball court. The losing team was usually sacrificed. Pok-A-Tok was a ball game played by the ancient Maya well over 1000 years ago in what’s now Cancun and Riviera Maya. This resource contains lots of colourful illustrations and fascinating facts that make the topic engaging for students. Pok Ta Pok is the pre-Columbian ball game that the ancient (and now modern) Maya played to give. Pok-A-Tok: The Mayan Bullet Game. Tape or tack a piece of paper on opposite walls. Pok-a-Tok was a popular ball game, but it was also an act of sacrifice to the gods, who enjoyed watching the game just as the people did. Mayan game of Pok-A-Tok. One such tradition is the Pok-A-Tok. Wiki User. 400 BC. Somewhere in the region of 1,300 courts have been discovered around Central. . Home Learning from September 2020. Imagine if the loser of a football match today was sacrificed? This was a common occurrence in the Mayan time for the players of a ball game called Pok-a-Tok. How to play: Using the school gym or the playground, divide the area in half by a line perpendicular to its long axis. Do you want to have a go to playing an Ancient Mayan bullet game? ONE story told with Adobe Spark. The goal of the game was to pass the ball around, without having it touch your hands, and then get the ball to pass through one of the rings. Pok a tok Stock Photos and Images. Pok-a-Tok, also known as Pitz, is an ancient Mayan ball game that originated over 3,000 years ago. But what is Pok-A-Tok exactly? It’s a type of ball game played by two teams, with the objective of getting the ball through narrow stone hoops placed on the court wall, some 20 feet above ground. The Inca didn't have horses, but they did use these animals. Which statement below is NOT true about the Mayan Pok-a-tok game? This is a ball game played by two teams of nobles. El pok-a-tok it required a rubber ball that could weigh up to four kilos, and two teams, which fought each other in a way that reminded people of ancient Mayan battles and legends. The Pok Ta Pok ball game is played with the hips between warring groups to settle disputes. The players hit the ball. After school I practice pok-a-tok. Hunahpu and Xbalanque are the second Hero Twins in Maya mythology. The Maya played a game called Pok-ta-tok. In the midst of the event, I witnessed a Guatemalan group playing pok-ta-pok—an ancient Maya ball game and ritual played over 500 years ago. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. Home Learning. 1 day ago · The trailer has a gorgeous combination of Pokemon -style battles and some lush animated cutscenes that go quite far with world-building, creating a proper sense of. According to research, only the nobles in Mayan culture could play or be allowed to play but everyone else could watch the play as a spectators. Pok a Tok was a sacred, ancient ball game. The Ball Game, called pok-a-tok, was sacred to the Maya. Pok a Tok was a game of high religious importance. "Pok-A-Tok: The Maya Ball Game. It was an extension of their religion, and involved a great deal of ceremony. Enterprise. chest hands thig… In the lesson, Yatzil shared that the Maya could not use their in the pok-a- tok game. Log in. It was a ball game, and the ball was a solid rubber ball weighing five pounds. If you’ve visited Chichen Itzá, Cobá or other Maya ruins, you probably saw the Pok Ta’ Pok courts where this traditional pre-hispanic ball game was played. Other people have to guess what it is that you have drawn and the faster it. The majority of players in this prehistoric Mesoamerican ball game used their hips, thighs, and other body parts to strike the ball instead of their hands. The ball game pok-ta-pok was nearly ubiquitous in pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, but today, its origins remain a matter of debate among archaeologists. The Maya practiced every day because they could face horrible consequences if they lost. 640×427. (Page 1 of tag Pok a Tok). For our first two days of our Level 2 Mesoamerica Unit, we’ll be taking a closer look at the Maya Empire. MONTESSORI-INSPIRED ACTIVITIES FOR KIDS. And there’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, too, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. NadGames 4. You will must: 2 circular, stone wheel; 3 discs or markers;maya ballgame pok-a-tok mesoamerican yo creek. What is Mexico? 100. It is their most famous game. It tells about how the game is played, and some good and bad things about the game. Pokémon Sword and Pokémon Shield. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. Write. Also, How was Pok A Tok played? Pok-A-Tok was played in teams of one or two. Uncover the world of Pokémon: Explore and discover Pokémon wherever you are! Catch more Pokémon to complete your Pokédex!The Amazing Race Australia 6 (also promoted as The Amazing Race: Around the World) is the sixth season of The Amazing Race Australia, an Australian reality competition show based on the American series The Amazing Race and the third instalment of Network 10's iteration of the show. The losing team was usually sacrificed. Therefore, the correct option. Try it FREE with your little one today!My quest to revive an ancient Maya ball game in Belize. Pok-a-tok is an ancient Maya game in which you hit a basketball size rubber ball with your hips, thighs, and chest. 2015. The game of pok-a-tok was played by the incas, Mayas, & Aztecz. Sign up. In some later variations of the game, the goal became knocking the ball through hoop-like stone rings which were hanging downward from a wall in the centre of the court. " AXS Network, n. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a. The most beautiful, calming app for kids 2-7 years-old. It was a ceremonial game that was played to tell the future. The document has moved here. The Mayan Ball Game was a solemn experience, filled with ritual importance. Tape or tack a piece of paper on opposite walls slightly above your head to start. First, choose two teams that have the same amount of people and choose who is scoring in each hoop. Meski dimainkan oleh orang-orang dari semua lapisan masyarakat Maya untuk bersenang-senang, Pok-A-Tok juga digunakan sebagai cara untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara kelompok yang bertikai dan bangsawan. The goal of each team was to get a rubber ball into a narrow, stone ring attached to a wall using only their hips, head, shoulders, elbows and wrists. 152 kB. There are 14 people in the whole game. ‘EkBalam’ first made headlines three years ago when the members competed in the. "The first pair of divine hero twins were the Maize Twins, 1 Hunter "Hun Hunahpu" and 7 Hunter. The Maya ballgame (pok-ta-pok or pitz) was one type of game played throughout Mesoamerica’s history. 0 (3 reviews) The Ancient Maya eBook 4. Comprehensive K-12 personalized learning. The object of the game was for the two opposing side to try and hit the hard rubber ball into a stone hoop placed at both ends of the playing field. The winners of the game were treated as heroes and given a great feast. If you are teaching a lesson about the Ancient. And there’s evidence that the Toltecs and Aztecs played variations of the game, too, as there are stadiums (for lack of a better term) dotted throughout Mexico. It is a ceremonial stone belt, as old as Pok-A-Tok, a ball game that ancient Maya most probably inherited from the Olmecs. Stay alive, and you will collect more points. Driving from Merida to Bacalar 19 October 2023. In this text, the early demi-gods Hun Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu (symbolizing planets and fertility) are excellent Pok-a-Tok players. Velg ditt favorittspill, og ha det moro!Pinturillo 2.